Human Body Systems

to be continued

Trachea

It is also known as windpipe, it filters the air we inhale and branches into the bronchi.

Lungs

The main organ of the respiratory system.

Bronchi

Tube that connects the trachea to the lungs.

Larynx

commonly called the voice box, and a connection between the pharynx and trachea

Aveoli

It is the tiny sac like structure present in the lungs which the gaseous exchange takes place.

Diaphragm

Breathing begins with a dome-shaped muscle located at the bottom of the lungs.

Respiratory system

This system has a primary organ which is lungs, the function is to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide as we breathe.

Right Lung

It has 3 lobes: superior, middle, and inferior and it is the larger of the two lungs.

Left Lung

It has 2 lobes: superior and inferior and it is the smallest of the two lungs.

Cellular Respiration

The creation of ATP with water, oxygen, and sugar.

Inhale

To breathe in, diaphragm flattens

Exhale

To breathe out, diaphragm relaxes

Cilia

Hair like structures that filter out particles entering into your nasal cavity

name of white blood cells

leukocytes

these take blood away from heart

arteries

capillaries are vessels used to exchange these

oxygen, waste products, & nutrients

deoxygenated blood enters the heart through this chamber

right atrium

cancer of the blood or bone marrow

leukemia

clotting factor(s) not produced; trouble controlling bleeding

hemophilia

liquid/fluid part of the blood

plasma

these carry oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood

red blood cells

antigens are located here

on the surface of red blood cell

these bring blood back to the heart

veins

blood goes from the right ventricle to this location

lungs

a person has this if their blood pressure too strong

high blood pressure

protein in plasma that destroys things that don't belong in the body

antibody

type A blood can DONATE blood to

type A and type AB

type AB blood can RECEIVE blood from

type O, type B, type AB, & type A

protein that transports oxygen on red blood cells

hemoglobin

these clog a wound; help start the clotting process

platelets

locations in the lungs for exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide

alveoli (alveolus)

cells that fight infections

white blood cells

name of red blood cells

erythrocytes

name of platelets

thrombocytes

when blood leaves the lungs it is

oxygenated

what % of plasma is water

92%

this is missing in a human's (mammal's) red blood cell

nucleus

platelets are made of this

fragments or parts of cells

A person has this is hemoglobin doesn't work well; red blood cells are crescent moon shaped

sickle cell anemia

flow of blood to the heart tissue is blocked

heart attack

Type B blood can DONATE to

type B and type AB

Type O blood can RECEIVE blood from

type O

red blood cells can live for approximately this number of days

100-120

the heart pumps this much blood per minute

5-6 quarts

60,000 miles of blood vessels include

arteries, veins, & capillaries

when blood leaves the body cells it is

deoxygenated blood

these keep the blood flowing in one direction through the heart

valves

oxygenated blood enters the heart through this chamber

left atrium

deoxygenated blood is oxygen

poor

this chamber sends blood to the body cells

left ventricle

hemoglobin turns blood this color

red

oxygenated blood is oxygen

rich

O- is the universal blood

donor

AB+ is the universal blood

recipient

Rh- can donate to this

Rh- AND Rh+

Rh+ can donate to this

Rh*

white blood cells are part of this body system

immune

Epithelial tissue

covers body

surface and

lines body

cavity

Nervous tissue

uses electrical

signals to

communicate

Muscle Tissue

contracts &

expands to

generate

force

Connective tissue

supports and

protects

organs

Main purpose of the Integumentary system

Protection: The skin provides a layer of protection covering the entire body.

What is a membrane?

tissue that surrounds and protect the body surfaces

Name the 3 layers of the skin.

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue)

What is the largest organ of the body?

Skin

What type of membrane is skin?

Cutaneous membrane

Bursae

small connective tissue sacs that serve as cushions for tendons and ligaments in joints

Name the functions of the skin.

Protection, water barrier, regulates body temperature, protects against harmful UV rays, converts sunlight into Vit. D, contains sensory receptors

Name the 4 cells in the epidermis:

keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic cells, merkel cells

What cell is the epidermis mostly made of?

Keratinocytes

What do keratinocytes produce?

Keratin

What is keratin?

protein that adds structural strength and makes our skin waterproof

What do melanocytes produce?

Melanin

What is melanin?

Pigment that ranges in color from reddish yellow to brown/black.

What is the purpose of melanin?

Produces human skin color, protects against harmful UV rays, acts as a natural sunscreen

Dendritic cells

fight any bacteria or viruses that attack the skin. Located in the epidermis

Merkel cells

located in the epidermis, act as touch receptors

subcutaneous tissues or hypodermis

directly below the dermis, made up mostly of lipocytes (fat cells), acts as a cushion and insulator for the skin

phagocytes

WBC in the dermis that kill infection and eat dead cells

appendages of the skin

hair, nails, skin glands

sudoriferous glands

sweat glands

Name the 2 types of sudoriferous glands.

Eccrine and apocrine

Eccrine Glands

EXIT- directly on the skin! Major sweat glands of the body. Sweat is 99% water.

Apocrine Glands

APPLY- directly to the hair follicles. begin to function in puberty. Located in the axilla and genital areas.

Sebaceous Glands

oil glands

Sebum

oily substance produced by sebaceous glands, helps to keep skin and hair soft

the 3 parts of the hair

Follicles- bulb-shaped structures within the dermis that produce hair. Root- Part of the hair in the epidermis Shaft- Part of the hair that we see

Skeletal System

Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to support movement.

Number of bones in the human body

206

the cranium

the portion of the skull that encloses the brain