Chapter 07: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions relating to Cellular Respiration and Fermentation.

Cellular Respiration

Process by which living cells obtain energy from organic molecules and release waste products.

Glycolysis

The breakdown of glucose into two pyruvate molecules, producing 2 ATP and 2 NADH.

Aerobic Respiration

Cellular respiration that requires oxygen to occur.

Citric Acid Cycle

A metabolic cycle that oxidizes acetyl groups to liberate CO2 and generate energy intermediates.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The process of ATP synthesis that utilizes energy released from the electron transport chain.

ATP Synthase

An enzyme that synthesizes ATP using a proton gradient generated during oxidative phosphorylation.

Fermentation

A metabolic process that produces ATP without requiring oxygen and involves the breakdown of organic molecules.

Anaerobic Respiration

Metabolism that uses a substance other than oxygen as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

NADH

An electron carrier involved in cellular respiration, formed during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

FADH2

An electron carrier that is produced during the citric acid cycle.

Electrochemical Gradient

The difference in charge and chemical concentration across a membrane that drives ATP synthesis.

Chemiosmosis

The process of ATP production driven by the movement of protons across a membrane.

Oxaloacetate

A four-carbon molecule that combines with acetyl CoA to form citrate in the citric acid cycle.

Warburg Effect

The preference of cancer cells to use glycolysis for ATP production over oxidative phosphorylation.

Phosphorylation

The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, often involving the conversion of ADP to ATP.

Glycolytic Pathway

A series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that break down glucose into pyruvate.

Substrate-Level Phosphorylation

The direct synthesis of ATP from ADP by the transfer of a phosphate group from a donor molecule.