Hydration and Fluid Balance

These flashcards cover key terminology and concepts related to hydration and fluid balance based on the lecture notes.

Dehydration

Process of losing total body water.

Hypohydration

Refers to a state of reduced total body water; technically not ‘dehydrated.’

Underhydration

State of maintaining total body water due to compensatory fluid regulatory mechanisms despite inadequate fluid consumption.

Rehydration

The process of replenishing fluid losses.

Euhydration

State of 'normal' total body water.

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

~2/3 of total body water (~28L); fluid found inside cells.

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

~14L, includes interstitial fluid and plasma volume.

Total body water (TBW)

Total amount of water contained in the body.

Hypovolemia

Decreased extracellular fluid volume often due to excessive vomiting, diarrhea, or dehydration.(decrease water and solutes)

Hypervolemia

Increased extracellular fluid volume, which can occur in conditions such as CHF or kidney disease.(increase water and solutes)

Signs of dehydration

Thirst, unusual fatigue, light-headedness, headache, dark urine, dry mouth, infrequent urination, rapid heart rate.(decrease water)

Arginine Vasopressin (AVP)

Hormone that increases water reabsorption in kidneys.Also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), it helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance.

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

System that increases sodium resorption in the kidneys to maintain fluid balance.

Overhydration

Excessive water intake that can lead to complications such as brain swelling.

Fluid intake recommendation for females

2L per day.

Fluid intake recommendation for males

2.5L per day.

Intra-exercise fluid guidelines

Drink 600-1200 mL/h of solutions containing 4-8% CHO.

Post-exercise rehydration

Consume 150% of fluid lost to account for urinary losses.

Hydration and kidney health

Adequate fluid intake is associated with reduced risk of kidney stones.

Dehydration in older adults

Most common fluid and electrolyte complication; older adults have a decreased thirst response.

Cognition and hydration

Dehydration effects on cognition vary; water supplementation can improve mood and working memory.