English Colonization, Native Relations, and the Columbian Exchange

What was the fate of the Lost Colony established in 1587?

The settlement on Roanoke Island was discovered abandoned in 1590, and its fate remains unclear.

What year was Jamestown established, and who received permission to create it?

Jamestown was established in 1607 by the Virginia Company, which received permission from the king.

Who was John Smith and what role did he play in Jamestown?

John Smith was an employee with military experience who restored discipline in Jamestown, helping the colony survive.

What was Powhatan's relationship with the English settlers?

Powhatan tolerated the English for 15 years, fascinated by their firearms, and arranged the marriage of his daughter Pocahontas to John Rolfe.

What significant event occurred in Virginia in 1622?

Powhatan died, and his brother Opechancanough, who opposed the English, attacked Jamestown, inflicting heavy casualties.

What was the primary goal of the Puritans who migrated in 1629?

The Puritans aimed to create a perfect religious community, which led to poor treatment of Native Americans.

What were the outcomes of the wars against the Algonquin tribes in the 17th century?

After failed conversion attempts, long and bloody wars in 1637 and 1675 resulted in the forced removal or extermination of Algonquin tribes.

How did relations between the English settlers and Native Americans generally develop?

Relations were nearly uniformly bad, with little to no intermarriage and rapid English population expansion leading to numerous conflicts.

What were the main products exchanged in the Columbian Exchange from the Americas to Europe?

New products included tobacco, chocolate, maize, and potatoes.

What European products were introduced to the Americas during the Columbian Exchange?

European products included horses, livestock (cattle and pigs), wheat, and sugar.

What diseases were transmitted to the Americas from Europe?

Diseases such as smallpox, malaria, and measles were transmitted to the Americas.

What disease was transmitted from the Americas to Europe?

Syphilis was transmitted from the Americas to Europe.

What was the significance of the Virginia Company's establishment of Jamestown?

It marked the beginning of permanent English colonization in America.

Who was Francis Drake and what was his contribution to English involvement in the Americas?

Francis Drake was a pirate and explorer who attacked Spanish ships and received a knighthood for his exploits.

What was the impact of the Puritan migrations on Native American populations?

The Puritan goal of creating a religious community led to violent conflicts and the displacement of Native Americans.

What was the general trend of English population expansion by around 1700?

By around 1700, English control along the Atlantic coast extended 100 to 200 miles into the interior.

What was the relationship between the Spanish and Native Americans over time?

Spanish relations started poorly but eventually improved.

How did French relations with Native Americans compare to English relations?

French relations with Native Americans were as good as could be expected, unlike the poor relations of the English.

What was the role of Opechancanough in the conflict with the English?

Opechancanough gained influence and led attacks against Jamestown due to the abuse suffered by Native Americans.

What was the significance of the marriage between Pocahontas and John Rolfe?

The marriage was an attempt to foster peace between the English settlers and the Powhatan tribe.

What was the demographic composition of England before Henry VIII?

England had Catholics, Anglicans, and a few Jews.

What was the demographic composition of England after Henry VIII?

Post-Henry VIII, England included Catholics, Anglicans, Puritans, Pilgrims, Quakers, and a few Jews.

What was the impact of disease on Native American populations after European contact?

Native American populations were substantially impacted by diseases brought by Europeans.