[PCOL-FIN-01-PT2] ANTIPSYCHOTICS

THIS FLASHCARDS IS ABOUT [PCOL] ANTIPSYCHOTICS - NIGROSTRIATAL & TUBEROINFUNDIBULAR.

Adverse/Side Effects

Nigrostriatal and Tuberoinfundibular is most associated with its?

Dopamine

Tuberoinfundibular also uses what neurotransmitter?

Prolactin release

The dopamine in the tuberoinfundibular system controls/regulates the?

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Prolactin in the body inhibits what hormone?

Testosterone

In males, GnRH triggers the testicles to make what hormone?

• Estrogen

• Progesterone

In females, GnRH triggers the ovaries to make what hormone?

1. Milk production

2. Development of mammary glands

Importance of Prolactin:

In females, prolactin is significant in the (1)____ production and (2) development of ____ glands.

1. Sexual satisfaction

2. Immune system

Importance of Prolactin:

In females/males, prolactin is responsible for (1)____ satisfaction and important in the (2)____ system.

Women

Prolactin is significantly found in?

Hyperprolactinemia

In tuberoinfundibular pathway, if the patient took (+) antipsychotic, what would happen?

General Effect: decrease dopamine level

Note: dopamine controls/regulates the prolactin release.

Once dopamine is inhibited because of the antipsychotic, the release of prolactin is enhanced leading to an adverse effect called?

Info

Antipsychotics block dopamine receptors generally in the mesolimbic pathway, but dopamine also acts in other pathways, such as the tuberoinfundibular pathway. When these pathways are affected by the antipsychotics, adverse effects can occur.

Info

Decrease dopamine = increase prolactin

Prolactin release-inhibiting hormone (PRIH)

Dopamine in the brain is also called as?

Hint: PRIH

Important in voluntary motor movements

What is the main function of nigrostriatal pathway?

Dopamine

In nigrostriatal pathway, this neurotransmitter is needed for voluntary movement.

Involuntary motor movements

In nigrostriatal pathway, if the patient took (+) antipsychotic, what would happen?

General Effect: decrease dopamine level

Note: dopamine is used in this pathway for voluntary movement

Once antipsychotics reached the nigrostriatal pathway, it could induce?

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)

If dopamine receptors are blocked, there is a thing called?

Hint: EPS

• Acute dystonia

• Pseudoparkinsonism

• Akathisia

• Tardive dyskinesia

• Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) include the following conditions:

Hint: APAT-NMS

1. Involuntary movements

2. Dopamine

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) manifests (1)____ movements due to blockade of (2)_____ in nigrostriatal pathway.

Parkinsonism

Nigrostriatal pathway is much involved in?

Parkinsonism

This is a neurodegenerative disorder; dopamine levels are low.

Info

Parkinsonism vs. Pseudoparkinsonism:

• Parkinsonism — natural degeneration of dopamine (no involvement in drugs)

• Pseudoparkinsonism — involved via drugs

(Same symptoms and associated with dopamine but differs in the involvement in drugs)

Tremors

What is the symptom in parkinsonism and pseudoparkinsonism?