Integrated Humanities - Topic 8 (III)

Fill: The Industrial Revolution started in Britain, leading to a process of ______________ __and__ _________________.

industrialisation, modernisation

What was the other name of the Industrial Revolution?

The Age of Machines

What raw materials were Britain rich in?

coal and iron

In the 17th century, lots of land were occupied and changed into pastures for sheep farming, providing a great amount of wool for the textile industry. What was this event called?

the Enclosure Movement

Fill: Many farmers lost their land and homes. They rushed to towns for work, providing abundant __________ ________ for the Industrial Revolution.

labour force

Some British people accumulated wealth through international trade. What did they become?

capitalists

What did the British government do to raise capital?

It issued sovereign bonds, sold patents to merchants and earned from overseas colonies.

Following the Geographical Discoveries, where has Britain been expanding her trade to? As a result, demand for what surged?

America, Africa and Asia, commodities

Fill: Before the revolution, Europeans were mainly farmers and handicraftsmen, who mainly belonged to the ____________ ______________.

domestic industry

Since the domestic industry did not produce efficiently, what did some British capitalists establish to raise the production rate?

workshops

Craftsmen assembled in the workshops and worked together. What was developed as a result?

division of labour

In 1624, what did Britain pass to protect the interests of inventors?

the Statute of Monopolies

In 1660, what organisation, which became significant in nurturing scientists, did Britain establish?

the Royal Society

When and what industry did the Industrial Revolution start in?

1760s in British light industry such as textile industry.

Fill: Mechanisation was adopted in different industries. This process was closely related to the improvement of ________ _____ and the development of coal mining.

steam engines

In the past, what did production mainly rely on?

manpower, animal power, wind or water power

Who invented the steam-power machines in which people could use to dig deeper into coal mines in 1769?

James Watt

With James Watt’s invention, people could dig deeper into where?

coal mines

Which American invented a more durable type of electric lightbulbs?

Thomas Edison

Which city was the first in the world to use coal gas light?

London

Thomas Edison made significant contributions to the electric power industry. As a result, people moved to the what from the Age of Steam?

Age of Electricity

What was first held in 1851 in London to exhibit more than 100000 new industrial products?

the Great Exhibition

How did great powers like Britain, France and Germany found markets and supplies of raw material?

They established colonies all around the world

Fill: The revolution led to the formations of two interdependent and opposite classes in society: the ________________ __class and the__ ___________ class.

industrial-capitalist, working

What was the other name for the working class?

proletarians

Where did many workers live as the urban population grew rapidly?

slums

What frequently happened in slums, where the workers live?

Fire often broke out, infectious diseases like cholera were also common

What is the phenomenon where children work to help with the livelihoods of their families called?

child labour

In order to fight for reasonable treatments, what did workers do?

they began to form labour unions and organise strikes

What was the event from 1838-1848 that demanded fewer working hours, higher wages and the right to vote?

the Chartist Movement

In 1900, what was formed to support workers, and eventually became a major political party in Britain?

Labour Party

What was one of the radical sub-ideologies in socialism?

Marxism