Unit 3: Cells flashcards

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Eukaryotic cell

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Complex cell with membrane-bound organelles (like plant and animal cells).

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Prokaryotic cell

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Simple cell without membrane-bound organelles (like bacteria).

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Organelle

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A cell part with a specific job, like an organ for a cell.

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Cell membrane

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Outer boundary that controls what enters and leaves the cell.

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Cell equilibrium

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Balanced concentration of molecules inside and outside the cell.

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Cell organization

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Cells specialize in structure/function so the whole body works together.

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Stem cell

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An unspecialized cell that can develop into any specific type of cell.

Centromere

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The center point where two sister chromatids attach during cell division.

Cytoplasm

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Gel-like fluid inside the cell where organelles are suspended.

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Golgi Apparatus

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Packages and ships proteins and lipids within or out of the cell.

Mitochondria

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The "powerhouse" that converts food into energy (ATP) for the cell.

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Nuclear Membrane

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Protective layer around the nucleus that regulates what enters/exits.

Nucleus

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The cell's control center; stores DNA and directs cell activities.

Ribosome

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Tiny structure where proteins are made.

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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (aka Rough ER)

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Ribosome-studded network that folds and transports proteins.

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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (aka Smooth ER)

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Membrane network without ribosomes that makes lipids and detoxifies.

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Vesicle

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Small membrane sac that stores or transports materials around the cell.