NoSQL DBMS

What are the key characteristics of relational DBMS

schemas describe highly structured data, ACID properties, designed for business data, uses SQL

What are 3 problems with RDBMS when handling modern big data

1. Challenging to scale up (sharding)

2. Rigid Schemas ( no support for semi or unstructured data)

3. ACID properties limit DBMS performance

What are the 3 original V’s of Big data and their meanings

1. Volume (so much data)

2. Velocity (new data show up fast)

3. Variety ( data structured in different ways)

What additional V’s ?

4. Veracity (dirty data must be cleaned)

5. Value ( what’s the use)

6. Validity (relevancy for needs)

7. Volatility (how long it’ll be useful)

BigData needs:

to manage data in real time, scale to bigger workloads, allow schemas to be flexible, relax ACID properties

What is the BASE meaning?

basically available soft-scale data that is eventually consistent

Cap Theorem

No distributed system can offer all 3 of Consistency, Availability, and Partition tolerance

What is the meaning of eventual consistency?

After updating, the system does not guarantee immediate updates in every replica, only that they will eventually converge to same updated vlaue.

What is the practical meaning of NoSQL

Any DBMS that address a relational DBMS shortcoming, beyond traditional relational DBMS

What is an attribute - value store

key value pairs, attribute value systems

What is a wide-column store ?

A group of attribute value pairs describing one entity, each group can have different collections of pairs

Examples of attribute-value systems

Redis, AMZ dynamoDB

Examples of wide coloumn systems

Google Bigtable, Apache cassandra

What are document systems

Document databases are a type of NoSQL database designed to store, retrieve, and manage semi-structured, hierarchical data as documents, typically in formats like JSON, or XML.

Examples of document-oriented systems

MongoDb, informix

Why are document stores considered semi structured or nested

cause they have key/value tags but they can differ per record

What do graph systems model?

data and relationships

What are vertices and edges holding in graph DBs?

Vertices hold the data and Edges hold the relationships

Give 2 real world use cases for graph DBs

Social graphs or the mars transit system

What is an example system, that implements a graph NoSql DB?

AMZ Neptune

What are Vector databases used for

Supprting LLms

List some familiar new features offered by modern DBs

fault tolerance, data backups , API /sdk

Why is NoSQL considered a large umbrella term?

Because it is defined by what it is not= a traditional table based ACID strict SQL DBMS

List all varieties of NoSQL systems

attribute-value stores, wide-column stores, document db, graph db, vectors