AP Unit 1 -- 1.1 -1.3

everyday ap world makes me want to die

artisans

skilled workers who make goods by hand

Buddhism

Belief system that started in India in the 500s BC. Happiness can be achieved through removal of one's desires. Believers seek enlightenment and the overcoming of suffering.

Champa Rice

Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season. Originally introduced into Champa from India, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift by the Champa state (as part of the tributary system.)

filial piety

In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors.

foot binding

Chinese practice of tightly wrapping girls' feet to keep them small, begun in the Tang dynasty; an emphasis on small size and delicacy was central to views of female beauty.

Grand Canal

Built in 7th century during reign of Yangdi during Sui dynasty; designed to link the original centers of Chinese civilization on the north China plain with the Yangtze river basin to the south; nearly 1200 miles long.

Imperial Bureaucracy

Division of an empire into organized provinces to make it easier to control

Mahayana Buddhism

Also known as popular Buddhism, is allows people more ways to reach enlightenment and boddhisatvas can help you reach enlightenment.

Neo-Confucianism

term that describes the resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the T'ang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism

Nuclear Families

a family made up of parents and their children

scholar gentry

in China, a group of people who controlled much of the land and produced most of the candidates for civil service

Song Dynasty

Empire in southern China (1127-1279) while the Jin people controlled the north. Distinguished for its advances in technology, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics.

Theravada Buddhism

"Way of the Elders" branch of Buddhism followed in Sri Lanka and much of Southeast Asia. Theravada remains close to the original principles set forth by the Buddha; it downplays the importance of gods and emphasizes austerity and the individual's search for enlightenment.

Tibetan Buddhism

Focused on chanting. It became strongest in Tibet.

woodblock printing

a form of printing in which an entire page is carved into a block of wood

A'ishah al-Ba'uniyyah

A Sufi master and poet. She is one of few medieval female Islamic mystics to have recorded their own views in writing, and she "probably composed more works in Arabic than any other woman prior to the twentieth century". She was born and died in Damascus in the 16th century.

Abbasid Caliphate

(750-1258 CE) The caliphate, after the Umayyads, who focused more on administration than conquering. Had a bureaucracy that any Mulim could be a part of.

Baghdad

Capital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capital of Ctesiphon

Crusaders

Christian warriors sent to regain the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims that controlled

House of Wisdom

a center of learning established in Baghdad in the 800s

Mamluk Sultanate

A political unit in Egypt. Did not set up a consistent, hereditary line of succession.Failed to adapt to new warfare and were eventually defeated by the Ottomans.

Mongols

People from Central Asia when united ended up creating the largest single land empire in history.

Muhammad

Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam.

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

Persian mathematician; one of the most celebrated Islamic scholars

Seljuk Turks

nomadic people from central Asia who converted to Islam and took command of the empire in 1055

Sufis

Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions

Sultan

"holder of power"; the military and political head of state under the Seljuk Turks and the Ottomans

Bhakti Movement

Indian movement that attempted to transcend the differences between Hinduism and Islam

Delhi Sultanate

(1206-1526 CE) The successors of Mahmud of Ghazni mounted more campaigns, but directed their goals to creating this empire.

Khmer Empire

Aggressive empire in Cambodia and Laos that collapsed in the 1400's when Thailand conquered Cambodia

Majahapit Kingdom

(1293-1520) a Buddhist kingdom based on Java and had 98 tributaries at its heigh; sustained power through controlling sea routes like Srivijaya

Proselytize

to persuade someone to convert to a faith, belief, or cause

Qutub Minar

world's tallest brick minaret. built during the Delhi Sultanate, it is a famous example of the melding of Hindu art with the geometric patterns preferred by Islamic architecture. It is an example syncretism in architecture

Rajput Kingdoms

Collection of kingdoms created by the Huns in northern India

Sinhala Dynasties

Kingdom on the island of Sri Lanka

Srivijaya Empire

A maritime empire that controlled the Sunda strait the strait of Malacca between India and China. HS: control strengthened trade routes to China, India, and even Arabia

Sukhothai Kingdom

An early kingdom in the area around the city Sukhothai, in north central Thailand. The Kingdom existed from 1238 until 1438.

Urdu

A Persian-influenced literary form of Hindi written in Arabic characters and used as a literary language since the 1300s.

Vijanagara Empire

a late medieval Hindu empire that ruled much of southern India, established in 1336 by the brothers Harihara I and Bukka Raya I of the Sangama dynasty.

Neo-Confucianism

term that describes the resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the T'ang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism