Topic 6 - Particle Model of Matter (GCSE Edexcel Combined Physics Retrieval Questions)

Describe a solid.

Close uniform arrangement, vibrate about fixed positions, fixed shape and volume.

Describe a liquid.

Close non-uniform arrangement, flow over each other, fixed volume and non-fixed shape.

Describe a gas.

Far apart, random motion at varying high speeds, non-fixed shape and volume.

What is sublimation?

Change of state from solid to gas.

Define internal energy.

The total energy stored inside a system by the particles, the sum of kinetic and potential energy.

How does kinetic energy of a material increase?

Increase in temperature.

How does potential energy of a material increase?

Changes of State - Melting or Vaporisation

Define density.

The mass per unit volume of a material

Give the equation linking density, mass and volume.

Density = mass/volume

What is the unit for density?

kg/m³

What is the unit for volume?

m³

What is the density of water?

1000 kg/m³

Define specific heat capacity.

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1 °C

Give the equation linking change in thermal energy, mass, specific heat capacity and change in temperature.

Change in thermal energy = Mass × Specific heat capacity × Change in temperature

What is the unit of temperature?

°C

What is the unit of specific heat capacity?

J/kg °C

Define the specific latent heat of fusion.

The amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of solid to liquid or vice versa.

Define the specific latent heat of vaporisation.

The amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of liquid to gas or vice versa.

Give the equation linking thermal energy, specific latent heat and mass.

Thermal Energy = Mass × Specific latent heat

What is the unit of specific latent heat?

J/kg

Is more energy required for fusion or vaporisation and why?

Vaporisation required more energy as bonds need to be fully broken.

Give the equation linking pressure, force and area.

Pressure = Force/Area

What is the unit for pressure?

Pa (Pascals)

How are temperature and pressure related and why?

As temperature increases, pressure increases. Particles speed up, bigger force of collisions more often, higher net force, bigger pressure.

Absolute zero (0K) is what value in degrees Celcius?

-273°C

Define absolute zero.

The temperature at which the molecules in a substance have zero kinetic energy

How do you convert Kelvin into degrees Celcius?

Value - 273

How do you convert degrees Celcius into Kelvin?

Value + 273