IB World Religions - Islam Terms

Akhirah

afterlife

Akhlaq

ethics

Akhirah

afterlife

Akhlaq

ethics

Iman

the belief in the six articles of faith

Ibadah

the duties of worship to God according to the law, including the five pillars

Islam

“submitting/submission”; one who surrenders their will to God

Jihad

“struggle or exertion” in the way of God

Kufr

disbelief

Niyaah

“intention”; the intention in one’s heart to do an act for the sake of God

Risalah

Arabic word for message; refers to prophethood and represents the various ways Allah communicates with humanity

Shirk

the sin of idolatry or polytheism

Tawhid

“oneness, unity”

Ummah

“community”, referring to the worldwide community of believers

Yawm al-Din

the Day of Judgement

Al-Qadr

predestination of the will of Allah

Jannah

paradise, heaven

Jahannam

Hell in Islam

Juma

Friday day of prayer at noon

Hadith

tradition of relating the words or deeds of the Prophet Muhammad

Sunnah

the way Muhammad lived

Hijra

the migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, marking the founding of Islam

Nubuwwah

belief in prophethood

Malaikah

belief in angels

Kutub

belief in the Holy Books

Shahada

the confession of faith, the first of the Five Pillars and central creedal statement of Islam “there is no god except God. Muhammad is the messenger of God.”

Salat

prayer 5 times a day

Zakat

tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims

Hajj

a pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims

Sharia Law

the code of law derived from the Quaran and from teachings and example of Mohammad; “the correct path”

Fiqh

jurisprudence, or theoretical principles underpinning the specific regulations contained in the shari’ah

Fatwa

a ruling on a point of Islamic law that is given by a recognized authority

Zawaj

contract and ceremony

Misbaha

prayer beads

Khitan

male circumcision

Sawm

(fasting) during Ramadan

Du’a

individual verbal prayers of supplication

Id al-Fitr

festival of breaking the fast

Id al-Adha

festival of the sacrifice

Mawlid al-Nabi

the Prophet Muhammad’s birthday

Ashura

day of martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn

Id al-Ghadir

festival of Muhammad’s final sermon

Halal and Haram

food and dietary laws

Tafsir

the science of interpretation of the Qur’an