Chemical Calculations

What is a mole & Avogadro’s constant?

• A unit of measurement for amount of substance.

• One mole contains 6.02 × 10²³ particles (Avogadro’s constant).

What is concentration?

• The amount of solute in a given volume of solution, measured in mol/dm³ or g/dm³.

What is a titration?

A technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.

What is a limiting reactant?

The reactant that is completely used up first in a reaction, determining the amount of product formed.

What is RTP?

At room temperature and pressure (RTP), 1 mole of any gas occupies 24 dm³.

Formula for moles and mass

Moles=Mass (g)​ / Molar Mass (Mr)

Formula for concentration

Concentration (mol/dm3)= Moles of solute / volume (dm3)

Concentration (g/dm3) = Mass of solute (g) / volume (dm3)

Gas Volume Calculation

Volume of Gas (dm3)=Moles×24

Moles of Gas=Volume (dm3)​ / 24

Percentage Yield

Percentage Yield=( Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield ​)×100

Atom Economy

Atom Economy=( Molar Mass of Desired Product / Total Molar Mass of Reactants​)×100