Biological foundations of behavior

Biological foundation of behavior

heredity (nature) and environment (nurture)

heredity (Nature)

features and characteristics are passed on from parents to their children

environment (Nurture)

It is all circumstances, people, things, and events around the individuals that influence their lives

passive

• genes and Environment are given or handed to you

• example if your parents has talent in terms of music and that talent is past to you as your house is full of stuff that related to their passion or talent so you have environment and biological factors about their talent

evocative

• your personality evoces reaction from your enviromet.

• example: Cheerful child → gets more hugs and smiles.

Fussy child → gets more attention to calm them down.

• you dont choose your enviroment, your personality stapes your environment

active

• you choose your environment that match yours traits.

• example…you love music Sou Join choir

central nervous system

• spinal card

• brain

afferent

• sensory info

• outside → CNS

• visual, auditory, touch

efferent

brain's command → body

peripheral nervous system

somatic

autonomic

acetylcholine

main function are muscle contraction, learning, memory, Rem sleep

acetylcholine high levels

• muscle spasm

• seizure

acetylcholine low levels

• alzheimer disease

• paralysis

Norepinephrine

• flight or Fight response

• alertnes

• arousal

• learning

Norepinephrin high levels

• high blood

• anxiety

Norepinephrin low levels

depression and low energy poor focus

epinephrine

• AKA adrenaline

• energy realease, glucose production.. stress response

epinephrine high levels

• sweating

• Rapid heart beats

• headache

epinephrine low levels

• Fatigue

• low stress response

glutamate

• main excitatory Nt

• memory

• cognition

• Learning

glutamate high level

• migraine

• seizure

• huntington's disease

glutamate low levels

• trouble concentrating

• insomia

• low energy

histamine

• arousal

• immune system

• alertness

histamine high levels

• excesive alergie Reaction

• over arousal

histamine low levels

Fatigue and drawsiness

Gama aminobutyric Acid

• calming effect

• regulates sleep

• eating agression

Gama aminobutyric acid high levels

• over sedation

• drowsiness

Gama aminobutyric acid low levels

• anxiety

• mood disorder

endorphins

• natural pain relief

• pleasure

• mood evaluation

endorphins high levels

• Reduce sensitivity to pain

endorphing low level

• depression

• anxiety

• body ache

• low pleasure response

serotonin

• mood

• sleep

• apetite

• digestion

serotin high level

Tremors, agitation, excessive arousal

serotin low levels

• depression

• sleep problems

• digestion

dopamine

• Reward

• learning

• movement

• attention

• emotions

Dopamine high levels

• Schizophrenia, mania, addiction

low dopamine level

• adhd

• low sex drive

• Parkinson's disease

what peripheral nervous system?

• network of nerve outside of brain carrying infos to and from cns

• It has two pass SOMATIC and AUTONOMIC

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Regulates Volantary Actions

Autonomic NS

Regulates involuntary actions

• thas the part: symphathetic and parasymphatetic

sympathetic NS (under authonomic NS)

fight or flight

parasympathetic ns ( under autonomic NS)

• calm digest

• slows things down

• conserve and maintain energy

Brain function

• control center

• Process information

• coordinates response

brain details

• has 140 billions neurons: hidbrain, midbrain, forebrain

hindbrain function

• Basic survival

hindbrain notes

• cerebellum and brainstem

• controls, breating heartbeat, digestion and reflexes

midbrain function

relay on coordinations

midbrain details

• it connects hidbrain and forebrain

• relay sensory info

• coordinate maymass and reflexes

forebrain functions

higher mental functions

forebrain details

• contains cerebal cortex for thinking memnony Judgment and creativity

brain lobes fuctions

specialized processing areas

brain lobes details

• frontal

• parietal

• occipitlal

• temporal

frontal lobe

• Reasoning

• planning.

• Judgment

• movement

• speech

Parietal

• sensory input

• Reasoning

• intelligence

• Sensation

occipital

• visions

• sight

temporal

• hearing

• language

• memory

• emotions

spinal cord functions

infos highway

spinal cord details

links the brain to body

Brain Stam

• Brathing

• swallowing

cerebellum

• muscle control

• balance

unat does peripheral NS do?

• carry information from and to brain

• connects CNS to orgas skin and limbs

• allows brain and spinal cord to send and Recieve info

• Regulates involuntary functions

CT SCAN

• create brain image

• detect tumors

MRI

• 3d brain imaging without Radiation

• show Strature.

fMRI

• Tracks blood flow; shows activity uring tasks during tasks

PET SCAN

Measures brain metabolism

• Identifies disorders like Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia

EEG

• Record brain e-activity

• Detects seizures, sleep patterns

endocrine system

set of glads that makes hormones

hyphotalamus produces?

• dopamine

• Somatostatine

• and regulatory hormones

hypothalamus functions

controls-

• Pituitary glands

• hunger

• thirst

• sleep

• body tempt

• mood

• sex drive

• blood pleasure

hypothalamus effect if imbalance

• Sleep problems

• moved swings

• apetite issue

Pituitary glands produce

• growth hormones

• prolactine

• oxytocin

Pituitary gland main functions

• growths of bones and muscles

• milk productions

• water balance

• bonding

Pituitang glad if imbellance

• Growth hormones: If too little, dwarfism, too much, gigantism

• excess curination

Pineal gland produce

• melatonin

pineal gland functions

• Regulates sleep

• fix body clock

pineal gland imbalance

• HM: excessive Sleepless

• LM: insomia

aderlan gland produce

• adrenaline

• cortisol

• androgers

adrenal functions

• fight or flight

• metabolsm

• stress Respose

• early sexual development

adrenal imbalance

• HC: cortisol → Cushing’s syndrome (too much stress hormone)

• LC: addison disease

• too man adrenaline : anxiety and high blood preassure

thyrold gland produce?

• thyroxine

thyroid gland function

• metabolism growth and develophant

• growth and brain develophant

thyroid gland imbalance

• LT: weight gain, Fatigue and depression

• HT: weight loss Anxiety goilter

paratyroid glads produce

Parathyroid Hormone

paratyroid main functions

• Regulates calam for bone

• heps intestine and kidney

parathyroid imbalance

• LP: hypocalcemia or muscle cramps

• kidney Stone

• osteoporosis

Thymus produces?

• thymosin

thymus main function

• produce t-cell (Immune system)

thymus

• inactive thymus: weak immunity

• overactive thymus: Autoimmune diseases

Gonads produce

• oyaries: estrogen

• testes testosteron

Gonads functions

• Estrogen: Female traits, menstrual cycle, reproductionProgesterone: Maintains pregnancy- Testosterone: Male traits, muscle growth, sperm production

Gonads imbalance

• LE: Irreg period and inFertility

• HE: weight gains nd mood swings

• LT: muscle loss and low libido

• HT : Aggression, acne, excessive hair growth

gene

• a segment of DNA that holds the instructions of making protein

how many genes human have

20k-25k

genome

• complete sets of DNA

• provides blueprint for development