Cell Membrane Notes

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34 Terms

1
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What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Regulates membrane fluidity based on temperature.

2
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What are transmembrane proteins?

Span the entire lipid bilayer, acting as channels or carriers.

3
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What is the role of cell recognition via glycoproteins?

Cell identification via glycoproteins.

4
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How do molecules move during passive transport?

From high to low concentration, without energy input.

5
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What is Osmosis?

Water movement across a semipermeable membrane.

6
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What are channel proteins?

Transmembrane proteins allowing specific ions/molecules to cross.

7
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What is Endocytosis?

Import of substances via vesicles.

8
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What is the basic structure of the cell membrane?

A phospholipid bilayer with selectively permeable properties.

9
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What does the fluid mosaic model describe the membrane as?

A fluid combination of phospholipids, proteins, and other molecules.

10
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What factors does membrane fluidity depend on?

Type of phospholipids present and amount of embedded cholesterol.

11
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What are integral membrane proteins?

Penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer, involved in transporting molecules across

12
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What are peripheral membrane proteins?

Not embedded in the membrane, loosely bound to the surface, cell-to-cell recognition.

13
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What are transmembrane proteins?

Embedded proteins that span the width of a membrane.

14
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What are some functions of membrane proteins?

Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions, signal receptors bind to ligands, cells transport ions and molecules.

15
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What is a key characteristic of passive transport?

No energy input required; molecules move from high to low concentration.

16
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What is required for active transport?

Energy input required; molecules move from low to high concentration.

17
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What type of molecules move via simple diffusion?

Small, hydrophobic molecules diffuse directly through the membrane.

18
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What is osmosis?

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

19
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What is tonicity?

The ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water.

20
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What is an isotonic solution?

Solute concentration is the same inside and outside the cell; no net water movement.

21
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What happens in a hypertonic solution?

Exterior solute concentration is greater than inside the cell; cell loses water.

22
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What happens in a hypotonic solution?

Exterior solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water.

23
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What is osmoregulation?

The control of solute concentrations and water balance.

24
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What is facilitated diffusion?

H2O, ions, and polar molecules cross with the help of channel or carrier proteins.

25
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What are protein channels?

Transmembrane proteins that allow specific ions or molecules to pass.

26
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What are carrier proteins?

Proteins that change shape to transport molecules across the membrane.

27
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What is the role of active transport?

Move substances against their concentration gradient using ATP.

28
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What is the function of the Na+/K+ pump?

Moves Na+ and K+ ions up their concentration gradients.

29
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Why is the Na+/K+ pump important?

Essential for muscle contractions, neuron firings, kidney filtering, and more.

30
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What is endocytosis?

Cell brings substances inside via vesicles.

31
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What is phagocytosis?

Cell engulfs a large particle and digests it.

32
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What is pinocytosis?

Cell ingests droplets of fluid from its environment.

33
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What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Acquires specific molecules via binding to membrane proteins.

34
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What is exocytosis?

Substances released out of cell via vesicles.