American History Chapter 30

Bolshevik Revolution

Communists came to power in Russia, spawning a small Communist Party in the US

Red Scare

1919-1920 nationwide crusade against left-wingers led by Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer

Criminal Syndicalism Laws

Anti-red laws criminalizing advocacy of violence to secure social change

American Plan

Employers’ anti-union campaign using red-scare rhetoric

immigration Act of 1924

Cut immigration quotas from 3 to 2 percent and shifted the census basis for the percentages from the 1910 census to the 1890 census

Eighteenth Amendment

Amendment implementing nationwide prohibition

Volstead Act

Enforced the 18th Amendment’s prohibition of alcohol

Racketeers

Organized criminals that infiltrated the ranks of local labor unions as organizers and promoters

Bible Belt

Southern states where Evangelical Christianity dominated

Fundamentalism

Movement emphasizing a literal reading of the Bible and rejecting new findings of modern science

Scientific Management

Created by Frederick W. Taylor, emphasizes efficiency and no wasted motion

Fordism

The applied use of the moving assembly line

United N*gro Improvement Association (UNIA)

Promoted the resettlement of Black Americans into their own “African Homeland” within the US, also invested in Black-owned businesses

Modernism

Cultural movement questioning social conventions and traditional authorities, inspired by the accelerated changes of the 20th century

Lost Generation

American writer and painter expatriates in postwar Europe

Harlem Renaissance

An outpouring of creative expression and Black culture, arguing for a “New N*gro” who was a full citizen and equal to Whites

A. Mitchell Palmer

Attorney General and leading figure of the Red Scare, his namesake raids targeted suspected left-wingers

Nicola Sacco

An Italian immigrant shoe-factory worker, open atheist and anarchist, convicted for murder, sentenced to death by a prejudiced court

Bartolomeo Vanzetti

An Italian immigrant fish peddler, open atheist and anarchist, convicted for murder, sentenced to death by a prejudiced court

Horace Kallen

Philosopher, defended pluralism and immigrants’ right to practice ancestral customs in the US

Randolph Bourne

Critic, supported cross-fertilization among immigrants and Cosmopolitan interchange

Al Capone

American gangster known as “Scarface”, a murderous alcohol distributor, organizer of the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre

John T. Scopes

High-school biology teacher indicted in Eastern Tennessee for teaching evolution, namesake trial proved inconclusive

Frederick W. Taylor

Prominent inventor and engineer, “Father of Scientific Management”

Henry Ford

Automotive titan and creator of the moving assembly line

Charles A. Lindbergh

Pilot, first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean, became an American celebrity

Margaret Sanger

Feminist, openly championed the use of contraceptives

Sigmund Freud

Austrian physician, argued sexual repression was responsible for a variety of health issues

H.L. Mencken

The “Bad Boy of Baltimore”, the era’s most influential critic and modernist

F. Scott Fitzgerald

Author of The Great Gatsby, member of the lost generation

Ernest Hemingway

Author of The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms, based on his own war experiences, member of the lost generation

T.S. Eliot

Poet, writer of The Wasteland, vanguard of modernist literary innovation

William Faulkner

Author of Absalom, Absalom!, The Sound and the Fury, As I Lay Dying, stories about a fictional deep south using experimental literary structures

Langston Hughes

Poet, writer of The Weary Blues and leading figure in the Harlem Renaissance