Ethics Exam 1 | Philosophers

Michael Martin

• moral vegetarianism: THE VIEW to avoid consuming animals+animal by-products

• vegetarians: animal products aren’t morally wrong to consume (milk)
  vegans: believe in moral vegetarianism

Thrasymachus

• we INVENT justice

• better to be UNJUST than just

  • unjust people are more happier

  • Hedonist: tyrants=happiest+richest (the most unjust)

Aristotle

• virtue ethicist

• Teleology=things aimed @ some end | supreme good=happiness

• intellectual virtue+moral virtue

• “The Mean” (deficiency, balance, excess)

St.Augustine

• hedonist in past → ascetic

• God=creator of universe, perfect, good, not associated with evil

• Heavenly City v.s Earthly City

  • living towards God v.s against

Epicurus

• hedonist

• pleasure teleology | being selfish reaches supreme good

• virtue of prudence (wise judgement)

  • act just because acting unjustly will lead to FEAR that “we’ll get caught”

John Stuart Mill

• utilitarianism + hedonist

• greatest happiness principle

• Quality v.s Quantity

  • certain pleasures are more valuable than others when it comes to calculating the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest #

Immanuel Kant

• ethics on duty + reason

  • completely good=morally good WILL

Gordon Marino

• boxing=good

• boxing allows growth in virtue

  • discipline, group attachment, self-respect, respect others, autonomy, courage

Nicholas Dixon

• boxing=immoral

• boxing should be RESTRICTED on both soft+hard paternalistic grounds

• Hard Paternalism: restricting the freedom of someone’s voluntary (harder)+informed choices

• Soft Paternalism: restricting the freedom of someone’s involuntary+ill informed choices

Stephen Kershnar

• hazing should be permitted

• hazing isn’t wrong since it’s “informed consent”

• primary=hazing intends to cause suffering

• secondary=in return for an intragroup benefit

Michael Cholbi

• against hazing

• harm associated with full inclusion in group/organization

• harmful, injurious, humiliating

• extrinsic relationship

• moral inequality

  • those who haze take advantage of their subjects

Timothy Hsiao

1. state PROTECTS individual liberty → should protect conditions

2. state protects conditions → restrict impairing substances

3. state has interest in protecting individual liberty

   1. THEREFORE state has interst in restricting MARIJUANA

Patrick Lee

• marriage must be HETEROSEXUAL

• sexual acts outside of marriage=immoral

• against same-sex marriages

• marriages are meant to make children or at least the potential to procreate

Robert George

• private acts of vice/bad habits HARM public

• sexualization of adolescents → easy to objectify themselves & others

• obligation of justice to have sexual experiences have DIGNITY

  • porn=immoral

Robert Sparrow

• sexbots that represent women=immoral

• may increase rate of rape

• expresses disrespect of women

• signficant character defect

• moral responsibility of engineers

Michael Georger

• violvent video games=immoral

• realism, violence, gameplay

• rape jokes+laughing at them=immoral

Berys Gaut

• Aristotle says humor should be in moderation

• deficiency (bourish), the mean (witty), excess (buffoonery)

• tendentious joke=impure, malicious, lust

• moralist=on ethical grounds

• anti-moralist=not on ethical grounds

  • a joke can be funny because of its cruelty & it being unethical

• superiority theory=laughter expresses superiority

• relief theory=;aughter out of nervousness

  • incongruity theory=laughter at cruel jokes b/c unethical

Noel Carroll

• Moderate Moralism: moral evaluation may figure in our aesthetic evaluation of certain artwork