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What economic changes occurred in the USA by the end of World War II?
emerged as the most powerful economy in the world, overcoming the Great Depression with more jobs than applicants.
What role did the War Production Board (WPB) play during WWII?
was instrumental in managing the production of war materials and coordinating industrial efforts.
What program helped US industry cope with labor shortages during WWII?
helped meet labor shortages by allowing temporary labor from Mexico.
What was the significance of the Lend-Lease program for the US economy?
allowed the US to provide aid to allies, expanding its industrial capacity and boosting the economy.
Why did demand for US goods grow after 1945?
citizens wanted to purchase consumer goods after the end of rationing.
What was the Cold War?
period of tension and ideological rivalry between the USA and the USSR without direct military conflict.
What was the impact of the European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan)?
provided financial aid to European nations to assist in recovery post-WWII, totaling $13 billion.
How did the Cold War affect US defense spending?
increased defense spending as tensions with the USSR escalated.
What was the outcome of the GI Bill of Rights?
aid to returning veterans, facilitating education and home ownership, and contributing to economic growth.
Why did the US government believe it had a role to play in post-war economic affairs?
wanted to avoid a repeat of the Great Depression and ensure veterans and civilians had employment.
What was one effect of the Employment Act passed in 1946?
established government responsibility for promoting maximum employment and production levels.
What changes did women experience in the workforce after WWII?
urged to return to traditional roles, leading to a significant drop in their workforce participation.
What was the Taft-Hartley Act and its purpose?
restricted union activities and required provisions for strikes, aiming to stabilize labor relations.
Why were there major strikes in the USA from 1945 to 1946?
due to worker demands for better wages and conditions post-war.
What was President Truman's response to the railroad strike in 1946?
intervened by threatening to use the army to operate the railroads, emphasizing the strike's danger to national interests.
How did Roosevelt view the USSR during WWII?
sought to cultivate a friendship with Stalin, viewing the USSR as a crucial ally against Nazi Germany.
What did the establishment of NATO signify in 1949?
represented a collective security agreement among Western nations against potential Soviet aggression.
What was the significance of the Iron Curtain speech given by Churchill in 1946?
highlighted the growing divide between Western democracies and Eastern communist states following WWII.
What were the main ideological differences between the USA and USSR?
one believed in capitalism and free enterprise, while the other advocated for communism and state control over resources.
Why did tensions arise at the Potsdam Conference?
differing views on reparations, elections in Europe, and the future of Germany.
How did the atomic bomb impact US-Soviet relations?
demonstrated US military superiority, shifting the dynamic and fueling tensions with the USSR.
What was the purpose of COMINFORM established by the USSR in 1947?
aimed to unify communist parties and coordinate their activities across different countries.
What was the goal of the Truman Doctrine?
aimed to provide support to countries threatened by communism and totalitarian regimes.
What led President Truman to adopt a tough stance against the USSR after Roosevelt's death?
anti-communist and believed a tougher approach was necessary to contain Soviet expansionist policies.
What was the economic condition of the US by 1944?
decreased to 1.2%, showing a strong economic recovery.
What challenge did the US face regarding returning soldiers after WWII?
The government had to ensure there were enough job opportunities
The Office of Price Administration
was set up to control prices and keep inflation low during and after the war.
How did the US adapt industrial production after the war?
quickly shifted back to consumer goods production, aiding continued economic growth.
What was the significance of war bonds for American citizens during WWII?
later contributed to a surge in consumer spending when bonds were cashed.
Why did the US economy remain buoyant after the war?
Strong domestic demand and expansion in foreign markets
How did the relationship between the USA and USSR change leading up to WWII?
Initially allies against Nazi Germany, later worsened over differing post-war objectives and ideologies.
What economic aid did the USA provide to Europe after WWII?
significant financial assistance through programs like the Marshall Plan to promote recovery.
What led to increased competition between the USA and USSR after the war?
wanted to expand their influence globally, ideological differences.