Infant Motor, Language, and Psychosocial Development

Flashcards detailing motor skills by age, language development milestones, and Erikson's trust vs. mistrust stage based on the lecture notes.

1 Month Motor Skills

Gross motor skills include demonstrating head lag and lifting head off mattress when prone; fine motor skills include having a strong grasp reflex.

2 Months Motor Skills

Gross motor skills include holding head up when on tummy, moving both arms and both legs, and raising head and shoulders off mattress when prone; fine motor skills include holding hands in an open position and a fading grasp reflex.

3 Months Motor Skills

Gross motor skills include having no head lag, holding head steady without support, holding a toy put in hand, swinging at toys, bringing hands to mouth, and pushing up onto elbows/forearms when on tummy; fine motor skills include no longer having a grasp reflex and keeping hands loosely open.

4 Months Motor Skills

Gross motor skills include rolling from back to side and rolling from front or tummy to back; fine motor skills include grasping objects with both hands.

5 Months Motor Skills

Gross motor skills include pushing up with straight arms when on tummy, leaning on hands to support self when sitting, and bearing full weight on feet; fine motor skills include using palmar grasp dominantly and holding a bottle.

7 Months Motor Skills

Gross motor skills include sitting while leaning forward on both hands; fine motor skills include beginning to use a pincer grasp, moving things from one hand to the other hand, and using fingers to rake food towards self.

8 Months Motor Skills

Gross motor skills include sitting unsupported and pulling to a standing position; fine motor skills include having a crude pincer grasp, showing an evident dominant hand preference, and grasping a rattle by its handle.

9 Months Motor Skills

Gross motor skills include getting to a sitting position by self; fine motor skills include placing objects into a container.

10 Months Motor Skills

Gross motor skills include changing from a prone to a sitting position; fine motor skills include possessing a neat pincer grasp.

11 Months Motor Skills

Gross motor skills include cruising or walking while holding onto something, sitting down from a standing position without assistance, and walking with one hand held; fine motor skills include trying to build a two-block tower without success and turning pages in a book.

12 Months Motor Skills

Gross motor skills include pulling up to stand and walking while holding on to furniture; fine motor skills include drinking from a cup without a lid and picking things up between thumb and pointer finger.

Infant Crying Timeline

Crying is the first form of verbal communication, occurring for 1 to 12 hr each day up to 3 weeks of age, building to 2 to 4 hr by 6 weeks, and decreasing by 12 weeks of age.

Infant Vocalization Milestones

Infants make single vowel sounds by 2 months, add consonants and cooing noises by 3 to 4 months, and turn head to sound of a voice, laugh, and squeal by 4 months.

Trust vs. Mistrust

Erikson's psychosocial stage from birth to 1 year, where trust is developed by meeting comfort, feeding, stimulation, and caring needs, and learning delayed gratification.

Development of Mistrust

Occurs in infants if needs are inadequately or inconsistently met, or if needs are continuously met before being vocalized by the infant.