Studied by 48 PeopleTags & Description
Islam
monotheistic religion
monotheism
belief in only one god
Muhammad
founder of Islam
Muslims
name of Muhammad followers
Arabia
Muslim world
Polytheistic
Most Arabs used to be
Mecca
wealthiest trade city in Arabia
Asia, Europe, Africa
Where Islam spread
Bedouins
nomadic herders in the Arabian desert
silks and spices
Mecca was known for
Ka’aba
This building, located in Mecca, is an ancient shrine.
mecca
what was Muhammads birth city?
merchant
Muhammads job/talent
the archangel, Gabriel
Muhammed heard the voice of
prophet sent by God
the angel told Muhammad he was a..
Islam
Muhammed began to preach a new faith called...
Islam
meaning: “Surrender to God”
Hijra
Muhammad left Mecca with his followers to the city of Yathrib (Medina), a journey that is known as the...
Medina
a place; meaning: “City of the Prophet”
622 CE
when was the 1st year of the Muslim Calendar
Caliph
meaning: “successor to Muhammad”
shahadah
FIRST PILLAR: A creed that declares the belief in the oneness of God and the acceptance of Muhammad
salah
SECOND PILLAR: Declares the importance of daily prayer, 5 times a day, the practice of formal worship in Islam. Muslims face Mecca when praying. Muslims may pray anywhere, but if able to do so, in Mosques
zakah
THIRD PILLAR: The practice of charitable giving. Considered a personal responsibility for Muslims to ease the economic hardship for others and to eliminate inequality
sawm
the fourth pillar of Islam: fasting; Muslims abstain from food and drink and gambling and all sensuous pleasures from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan
hajj
fifth pilliar of Islam: The pilgrimage that every Muslim is expected to make to Mecca, and to the Ka’aba, at least once in his or her lifetime
Qur'an
sacred text of Islam
JIHAD
effort in God’s service, wrongly translated as “holy war”
SHARIA
Islamic system of law, Islam became both a religion and a way of life, does not separate religious matters from criminal or civil ones
PEOPLE OF THE BOOK
Jews and Chrstians, as regarded by Muslims, religions that follow the 1st testimate
Harem
Women quarters were called..
HARAM
forbidden; goes against Islamic teachings
Abu Bakr
The first Caliph in 632, was Muhammad’s friend and father-in-law
Rightly Guided Caliphs
first four caliphs after Muhammad who knew him and promised to stay true to the Koran and Muhammad’s message.
Weakness of the Byzantine and Persian Empires
first reason for Muslim Success
Arabs were seen as liberators from harsh rule
second reason for Muslim Success
Bold and Efficient fighting methods were used
third reason for Muslim success
Common faith Muhammad had given his people
fourth reason for Muslim Success
jizya
tax on non-muslims to proceed with their religion
MORS
In Southern Spain the Muslims were called...
until 1492
Mors stayed in Spain until..
Sunni Muslims
believed the caliph should be elected by the Muslim community
Shia Muslims
belived the next successor to Muhammad should be a blood relative
Sufi Muslims
mystics who sought communication with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals (not approved by Shia or Sunni)
Umayyad Family
first to set up dynasty rule in the Arab Empire, which lasted from 661 to 750 AD.
struggle to adapt increase in economic tensions Resistance from Shitte Muslims Unrest among non-Arab converts to Islam
Umayyads faced 4 main problems:
Abbassid
captured Damascus and established the Abbassid Dynasty, which lasted until 1258.
Islamic Golden age
when the abbasid Dynasty ruled and made Islam a universal religion
Baghdad
"City of peace"
MINARETS
slender towers on mosques
Seljuks, Crusaders and Mongols
three groups that brought down the Islamic Golden Age, eventually ending Muslim rule throughout the present-day Middle East
SELJUKS
Turks who migrated to the Middle East in the 900’s and by 1500 controlled Baghdad with the Abbasid Caliph as a figurehead
CRUSADERS
in 1099 Christian _________ captured Jerusalem and for 200 years rule passed back and forth
MONGOLS
in 1216, Genghis Khan led the ________ across Persia and Mesopotamia, and in 1258, the _______ killed the last Abbasid Dynasty
more people converted to not be enslaved
Why would slavery cause more people to convert to Islam?
charitable donations or state funds
How would slaves be freed?
Muhammad was a sucessful merchant
Why were merchants honnored?
sugar cane, cotton, and dyes(indigo)
Farmers cultivated
God or Muhammad
Artists were forbidden to portray
ARABESQUE
intricate design composed or curved lines that suggest floral shapes
Poems and Storytelling
large part of Muslim Literature
al-Khwarizmi (Aricenna)
Greatest Muslim mathematician, created Algebra
Muhammad al-Razi
most respected doctor from the golden age
CANON ON MEDICINE
huge encyclopedia on diagnosis and treatment, written by Ibn Sina
Sunni, Shiite (Shia) and Sufi
3 movements within Islam
Harun al-Rashid
Abbasid Caliph ruled from 786-809.
Firdawsi and Omar Khayyam
two best known Muslim poets from the Islamic Golden Age.
Common in cities Brought from conquered lands, but Muslims were not enslaved
Describe slavery in the Muslim world.
Outside of cities, with irrigation projects to support it.
How did agriculture flourish in the Muslim world?
women were spiritually equal Over time, women were veiled & secluded in the home
How were women in early Muslim society treated?
Mecca
southern most city
Medina
north of mecca
Jerusalem
north of medina
baghdad
most east of Jerusalem
Cairo
west of Jerusalem
tangier
most west of Cairo
Red Sea
the sea to the right of Mecca and Arabia
persian gulf
the gulf to the left of Mecca and Arabia
nile river
the river to the right of Mecca and Arabia
Tigris and Euphrates river
the rivers to the right of Jerusalem, above Baghdad
Mediterranean sea
the sea to the right of Tangier, above Cairo
Caspian sea
the sea above Baghdad
Atlas Mountains
mountains under Tangier
Arabian Peninsula
Medina, Mecca, and Jerusalem are located on this(penninsula)...