Islamic World-World History Adv

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84 Terms
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Islam

monotheistic religion

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monotheism

belief in only one god

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Muhammad

founder of Islam

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Muslims

name of Muhammad followers

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Arabia

Muslim world

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Polytheistic

Most Arabs used to be

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Mecca

wealthiest trade city in Arabia

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Asia, Europe, Africa

Where Islam spread

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Bedouins

nomadic herders in the Arabian desert

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silks and spices

Mecca was known for

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Ka’aba

This building, located in Mecca, is an ancient shrine.

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mecca

what was Muhammads birth city?

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merchant

Muhammads job/talent

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the archangel, Gabriel

Muhammed heard the voice of

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prophet sent by God

the angel told Muhammad he was a..

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Islam

Muhammed began to preach a new faith called...

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Islam

meaning: “Surrender to God”

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Hijra

Muhammad left Mecca with his followers to the city of Yathrib (Medina), a journey that is known as the...

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Medina

a place; meaning: “City of the Prophet”

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622 CE

when was the 1st year of the Muslim Calendar

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Caliph

meaning: “successor to Muhammad”

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shahadah

FIRST PILLAR: A creed that declares the belief in the oneness of God and the acceptance of Muhammad

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salah

SECOND PILLAR: Declares the importance of daily prayer, 5 times a day, the practice of formal worship in Islam. Muslims face Mecca when praying. Muslims may pray anywhere, but if able to do so, in Mosques

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zakah

THIRD PILLAR: The practice of charitable giving. Considered a personal responsibility for Muslims to ease the economic hardship for others and to eliminate inequality

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sawm

the fourth pillar of Islam: fasting; Muslims abstain from food and drink and gambling and all sensuous pleasures from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan

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hajj

fifth pilliar of Islam: The pilgrimage that every Muslim is expected to make to Mecca, and to the Ka’aba, at least once in his or her lifetime

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Qur'an

sacred text of Islam

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JIHAD

effort in God’s service, wrongly translated as “holy war”

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SHARIA

Islamic system of law, Islam became both a religion and a way of life, does not separate religious matters from criminal or civil ones

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PEOPLE OF THE BOOK

Jews and Chrstians, as regarded by Muslims, religions that follow the 1st testimate

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Harem

Women quarters were called..

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HARAM

forbidden; goes against Islamic teachings

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Abu Bakr

The first Caliph in 632, was Muhammad’s friend and father-in-law

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Rightly Guided Caliphs

first four caliphs after Muhammad who knew him and promised to stay true to the Koran and Muhammad’s message.

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Weakness of the Byzantine and Persian Empires

first reason for Muslim Success

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Arabs were seen as liberators from harsh rule

second reason for Muslim Success

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Bold and Efficient fighting methods were used

third reason for Muslim success

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Common faith Muhammad had given his people

fourth reason for Muslim Success

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jizya

tax on non-muslims to proceed with their religion

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MORS

In Southern Spain the Muslims were called...

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until 1492

Mors stayed in Spain until..

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Sunni Muslims

believed the caliph should be elected by the Muslim community

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Shia Muslims

belived the next successor to Muhammad should be a blood relative

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Sufi Muslims

mystics who sought communication with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals (not approved by Shia or Sunni)

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Umayyad Family

first to set up dynasty rule in the Arab Empire, which lasted from 661 to 750 AD.

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struggle to adapt increase in economic tensions Resistance from Shitte Muslims Unrest among non-Arab converts to Islam

Umayyads faced 4 main problems:

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Abbassid

captured Damascus and established the Abbassid Dynasty, which lasted until 1258.

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Islamic Golden age

when the abbasid Dynasty ruled and made Islam a universal religion

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Baghdad

"City of peace"

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MINARETS

slender towers on mosques

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Seljuks, Crusaders and Mongols

three groups that brought down the Islamic Golden Age, eventually ending Muslim rule throughout the present-day Middle East

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SELJUKS

Turks who migrated to the Middle East in the 900’s and by 1500 controlled Baghdad with the Abbasid Caliph as a figurehead

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CRUSADERS

in 1099 Christian _________ captured Jerusalem and for 200 years rule passed back and forth

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MONGOLS

in 1216, Genghis Khan led the ________ across Persia and Mesopotamia, and in 1258, the _______ killed the last Abbasid Dynasty

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more people converted to not be enslaved

Why would slavery cause more people to convert to Islam?

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charitable donations or state funds

How would slaves be freed?

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Muhammad was a sucessful merchant

Why were merchants honnored?

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sugar cane, cotton, and dyes(indigo)

Farmers cultivated

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God or Muhammad

Artists were forbidden to portray

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ARABESQUE

intricate design composed or curved lines that suggest floral shapes

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Poems and Storytelling

large part of Muslim Literature

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al-Khwarizmi (Aricenna)

Greatest Muslim mathematician, created Algebra

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Muhammad al-Razi

most respected doctor from the golden age

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CANON ON MEDICINE

huge encyclopedia on diagnosis and treatment, written by Ibn Sina

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Sunni, Shiite (Shia) and Sufi

3 movements within Islam

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Harun al-Rashid

Abbasid Caliph ruled from 786-809.

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Firdawsi and Omar Khayyam

two best known Muslim poets from the Islamic Golden Age.

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Common in cities Brought from conquered lands, but Muslims were not enslaved

Describe slavery in the Muslim world.

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Outside of cities, with irrigation projects to support it.

How did agriculture flourish in the Muslim world?

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women were spiritually equal Over time, women were veiled & secluded in the home

How were women in early Muslim society treated?

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Mecca

southern most city

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Medina

north of mecca

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Jerusalem

north of medina

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baghdad

most east of Jerusalem

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Cairo

west of Jerusalem

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tangier

most west of Cairo

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Red Sea

the sea to the right of Mecca and Arabia

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persian gulf

the gulf to the left of Mecca and Arabia

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nile river

the river to the right of Mecca and Arabia

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Tigris and Euphrates river

the rivers to the right of Jerusalem, above Baghdad

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Mediterranean sea

the sea to the right of Tangier, above Cairo

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Caspian sea

the sea above Baghdad

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Atlas Mountains

mountains under Tangier

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Arabian Peninsula

Medina, Mecca, and Jerusalem are located on this(penninsula)...

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