Islamic World-World History Adv

Islam

monotheistic religion

monotheism

belief in only one god

Muhammad

founder of Islam

Muslims

name of Muhammad followers

Arabia

Muslim world

Polytheistic

Most Arabs used to be

Mecca

wealthiest trade city in Arabia

Asia, Europe, Africa

Where Islam spread

Bedouins

nomadic herders in the Arabian desert

silks and spices

Mecca was known for

Ka’aba

This building, located in Mecca, is an ancient shrine.

mecca

what was Muhammads birth city?

merchant

Muhammads job/talent

the archangel, Gabriel

Muhammed heard the voice of

prophet sent by God

the angel told Muhammad he was a..

Islam

Muhammed began to preach a new faith called...

Islam

meaning: “Surrender to God”

Hijra

Muhammad left Mecca with his followers to the city of Yathrib (Medina), a journey that is known as the...

Medina

a place; meaning: “City of the Prophet”

622 CE

when was the 1st year of the Muslim Calendar

Caliph

meaning: “successor to Muhammad”

shahadah

FIRST PILLAR: A creed that declares the belief in the oneness of God and the acceptance of Muhammad

salah

SECOND PILLAR: Declares the importance of daily prayer, 5 times a day, the practice of formal worship in Islam. Muslims face Mecca when praying. Muslims may pray anywhere, but if able to do so, in Mosques

zakah

THIRD PILLAR: The practice of charitable giving. Considered a personal responsibility for Muslims to ease the economic hardship for others and to eliminate inequality

sawm

the fourth pillar of Islam: fasting; Muslims abstain from food and drink and gambling and all sensuous pleasures from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan

hajj

fifth pilliar of Islam: The pilgrimage that every Muslim is expected to make to Mecca, and to the Ka’aba, at least once in his or her lifetime

Qur'an

sacred text of Islam

JIHAD

effort in God’s service, wrongly translated as “holy war”

SHARIA

Islamic system of law, Islam became both a religion and a way of life, does not separate religious matters from criminal or civil ones

PEOPLE OF THE BOOK

Jews and Chrstians, as regarded by Muslims, religions that follow the 1st testimate

Harem

Women quarters were called..

HARAM

forbidden; goes against Islamic teachings

Abu Bakr

The first Caliph in 632, was Muhammad’s friend and father-in-law

Rightly Guided Caliphs

first four caliphs after Muhammad who knew him and promised to stay true to the Koran and Muhammad’s message.

Weakness of the Byzantine and Persian Empires

first reason for Muslim Success

Arabs were seen as liberators from harsh rule

second reason for Muslim Success

Bold and Efficient fighting methods were used

third reason for Muslim success

Common faith Muhammad had given his people

fourth reason for Muslim Success

jizya

tax on non-muslims to proceed with their religion

MORS

In Southern Spain the Muslims were called...

until 1492

Mors stayed in Spain until..

Sunni Muslims

believed the caliph should be elected by the Muslim community

Shia Muslims

belived the next successor to Muhammad should be a blood relative

Sufi Muslims

mystics who sought communication with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals (not approved by Shia or Sunni)

Umayyad Family

first to set up dynasty rule in the Arab Empire, which lasted from 661 to 750 AD.

struggle to adapt
increase in economic tensions
Resistance from Shitte Muslims
Unrest among non-Arab converts to Islam

Umayyads faced 4 main problems:

Abbassid

captured Damascus and established the Abbassid Dynasty, which lasted until 1258.

Islamic Golden age

when the abbasid Dynasty ruled and made Islam a universal religion

Baghdad

"City of peace"

MINARETS

slender towers on mosques

Seljuks, Crusaders and Mongols

three groups that brought down the Islamic Golden Age, eventually ending Muslim rule throughout the present-day Middle East

SELJUKS

Turks who migrated to the Middle East in the 900’s and by 1500 controlled Baghdad with the Abbasid Caliph as a figurehead

CRUSADERS

in 1099 Christian _________ captured Jerusalem and for 200 years rule passed back and forth

MONGOLS

in 1216, Genghis Khan led the ________ across Persia and Mesopotamia, and in 1258, the _______ killed the last Abbasid Dynasty

more people converted to not be enslaved

Why would slavery cause more people to convert to Islam?

charitable donations or state funds

How would slaves be freed?

Muhammad was a sucessful merchant

Why were merchants honnored?

sugar cane, cotton, and dyes(indigo)

Farmers cultivated

God or Muhammad

Artists were forbidden to portray

ARABESQUE

intricate design composed or curved lines that suggest floral shapes

Poems and Storytelling

large part of Muslim Literature

al-Khwarizmi (Aricenna)

Greatest Muslim mathematician, created Algebra

Muhammad al-Razi

most respected doctor from the golden age

CANON ON MEDICINE

huge encyclopedia on diagnosis and treatment, written by Ibn Sina

Sunni, Shiite (Shia) and Sufi

3 movements within Islam

Harun al-Rashid

Abbasid Caliph ruled from 786-809.

Firdawsi and Omar Khayyam

two best known Muslim poets from the Islamic Golden Age.

Common in cities
Brought from conquered lands, but Muslims were not enslaved

Describe slavery in the Muslim world.

Outside of cities, with irrigation projects to support it.

How did agriculture flourish in the Muslim world?

women were spiritually equal
Over time, women were veiled & secluded in the home

How were women in early Muslim society treated?

Mecca

southern most city

Medina

north of mecca

Jerusalem

north of medina

baghdad

most east of Jerusalem

Cairo

west of Jerusalem

tangier

most west of Cairo

Red Sea

the sea to the right of Mecca and Arabia

persian gulf

the gulf to the left of Mecca and Arabia

nile river

the river to the right of Mecca and Arabia

Tigris and Euphrates river

the rivers to the right of Jerusalem, above Baghdad

Mediterranean sea

the sea to the right of Tangier, above Cairo

Caspian sea

the sea above Baghdad

Atlas Mountains

mountains under Tangier

Arabian Peninsula

Medina, Mecca, and Jerusalem are located on this(penninsula)...