29 science terms

Photosynthesis

The process by which most plants, some protists, and many types of bacteria make their own food.

Cell membrane

Protective outer covering of all cells that regulates the interaction between the cell and the environment.

Cytoplasm

Constantly moving gel-like mixture inside the cell membrane that contains heredity material and is the location of most of a cell’s life processes.

Cell wall

Rigid structure that encloses, supports, and protects the cells of plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria.

Organelle

Structure in the cytoplasm of a Eukaryotic cell that can act as a storage site, process energy, move materials, or manufacture substances.

Nucleus

Organelle that controls all the activities of a cell and contains hereditary material made of proteins and DNA.

Chloroplast

Green, chlorophyll-containing, plant cell organelle that uses light energy to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water.

Mitochondrion

Cell organelle that breaks down food and releases energy.

Ribosome

Small cytoplasmic structure on which cells make their own proteins.

Endoplasmic reticulum

Cytoplasmic organelle that moves materials around in a cell and is made up of a complex series of folded membranes.

Golgi bodies

Organelles that package cellular materials and transport them within the cell or out of the cell.

Tissue

Group of similar cells that work together to do one job.

Organ

Structure, such as the heart, made up of different types of tissues that all work together.

Magnify

To increase the size of something.

Cell theory

States that all organisms are made up of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from other cells.

Disease

A condition that results from the disruption in function of one or more of an organism’s normal processes.

Virus

A strand of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coating.

Host cell

Living cell in which a virus can actively multiply or in which a virus can hide until activated by environmental stimuli.

Lysosomes

organelle that contains digestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, cell waste, and worn out cell parts

Vacuole

an organelle used for temporary storage of water, waste products, food, and other cellular materials

Robert Hooke_1665

Discovered cells when he looked at a thin slice of cork under an improved microscope _ Little empty boxes called cells

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 1600’s

dutch fabric merchant _ made a microscope with a tiny bead of glass for a lens

Robert Brown (1833)

An English botanist that discovered the nucleus in a plant cell

Matthais Schleiden 1838

Studied plants with a microscope _ said plants are made up of cells

Theodor Schwann. (1839)

Observed different animals cells _ Concluded animals were made up of cells

Rudolf Virchow (1855)

Hypothesized that cells divide to from new cells _ Summarized his ideas in the cell theory

Vaccines

Edward Jenner 1796 _ made smallpox vaccine by using sores of people who had cowpox, injected healthy people and they did not het smallpox

Zacharias Janssen (1595)

a Dutch lens maker that produced the first microscope.