29 science terms

Photosynthesis- The process by which most plants, some protists, and many types of bacteria make their own food

Cell membrane-protective outer covering of all cells that regulates the interaction between the cell and the environment

Cytoplasm-constantly moving gel like mixture inside the cell membrane that contains heredity material and is the location of most of a cell’s life processes

Cell wall- rigid structure that encloses, supports, and protects the cells of plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria

Organelle-structure in the cytoplasm of a Eukaryotic cell that can act as a storage site, process energy, move materials, or manufacture substances.

Nucleus-organelle that controls all the activities of a cell and contains hereditary material made of proteins and DNA; positively charged, central part of an atom

Chloroplast-green, chlorophyll containing, plantcell organelle that uses light energy to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water

Mitochondrion-cell organelle that breaks down food and releases energy

Ribosome-small cytoplasmic structure on which cells make their own proteins

Endoplasmic reticulum-cytoplasmic organelle that moves materials around in a cell and is made up of a complex series of folded membranes; can be rough (with attached ribosomes) or smooth (without attached ribosomes)

Golgi bodies-organelles that package cellular materials and transport them within the cell or out of the cell

Tissue-group of similar cells that work together to do one job

Organ-structure, such as the heart, made up of different types of tissues that all work together

Magnify- to increase the size of something

Cell theory-states that all organisms are made up of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from other cells

Disease-a condition that results from the disruption in function of one or more of an organism’s normal processes

Virus-a strand of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coating

Host cell-living cell in which a virus can actively multiply or in which a virus can hide until activated by environmental stimuli

Lysosomes-organelle that contains digestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, cell waste, and worn out cell parts

Vacuole- an organelle used for temporary storage of water, waste products, food, and other cellular materials

Robert Hooke_1665- Discovered cells when he looked at a thin slice of cork under an improved microscope _ Little empty boxes called cells

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 1600’s-dutch fabric merchant _ made a microscope with a tiny bead of glass for a lens

Robert Brown (1833)-An English botanist that discovered the nucleus in a plant cell

Matthais Schleiden 1838- Studied plants with a microscope _ said plants are made up of cells

Theodor Schwann. (1839)-Observed different animals cells _ Concluded animals were made up of cells

Rudolf Virchow (1855)-Hypothesized that cells divide to from new cells _ Summarized his ideas in the cell theory

Vaccines- Edward Jenner 1796 _ made smallpox vaccine by using sores of people who had cowpox, injected healthy people and they did not het smallpox

Zacharias Janssen (1595)-a Dutch lens maker that produced the first microscope.