W16-17: WASTE MANAGEMENT

Is unwanted or useless materials. In biology, waste is any of the many unwanted substances or toxins that are expelled from living organisms, metabolic waste; such as urea and sweat.

Waste

“any operation which may lead to resource recovery, recycling, reclamation, direct re-use or alternative uses (Annex IVB of the Basel convention)”

Disposal

Waste produced in healthcare facilities are categorized according to its _____ and
the ______________. This is to avoid mixing various types of wastes and avoiding risk to _____________ and ___________.

1.) nature
2.) manner of disposal
3.) waste handlers
4.) transporters

• This type of waste does not pose special handling problem or hazard to human health or to the environment.

• Comes from:

  • administrative

  • housekeeping

  • waste generated during maintenance of the hospital premises.

General waste

This type of waste is suspected to contain pathogens (bacteria,viruses,parasites or fungi) in sufficient concentration or quantity to cause disease in susceptible host.

Infectious waste

Type of infectious waste:

______________ of infectious agents from laboratory work

Culture and stock

Type of infectious waste:

Waste from _______________ (ex. tissues, materials or equipment that have been in contact with blood or body fluids)

surgery with infectious diseases

Type of infectious waste:

Waste from ___________________ (e.g. excreta dressing from infected or surgical wounds, clothes heavily soiled with human blood or other body fluids)

infected patients in isolations wards

Type of infectious waste:

Waste from ____________ from isolation ward

infected person

Type of infectious waste:

Wastes that has been _______________________________ ( e.g. tubings, filters, disposable towels, gowns, aprons, gloves and laboratory gowns)

in contact with patients undergoing hemodialysis

Type of infectious waste:

Any other instruments or materials that have been in contact with ______________________

infected person or animals

Includes tissues, organs, body parts, human fetus, blood and other body fluids.

Pathological waste

A huge amount of laboratory wastes are considered as _______ due to the nature of laboratory work and specimen requirements of various laboratory tests.

pathologic

• Is a medical term that refers to devices with sharp points and edges that can puncture the skin.

• This category of waste included needles, scalpels, syringes ,saws, broken glass, infusion sets, knives, nails and any other item that can cut or puncture wounds.

Sharps

_________________ includes certain cytostatic drugs, vomit, urine or feces from patient treated with cytostatic drugs, chemical and radioactive materials.

Genotoxic waste

Genotoxic waste is highly hazardous and may have at least _________, _______ or ________ properties

1.) mutagenic
2.) teratogenic
3.) carcinogenic

• This class of waste consists of discarded solid, liquids and gaseous chemicals from diagnostic processes, cleaning, housekeeping and disinfecting procedures.

• Toxic, Corrosive, Flammable, Reactive, Genotoxic etc.

Chemical waste

Storage of inert gases used in health care in pressurized cylinders cartridges aerosols cans belong to this category

Pressurized containers

___________ at source should always be the responsibility of procedures; thus patients should be made aware of their roles on handling waste of the health hazards associated with contamination of infectious materials

Segregation

__________________ should be made available to the health care personnel who collect and handle health care waste

Personnel protective equipment

Provisions for adequate supply of ______________________ of suitable strength and durability in safe yet convenient location throughout the area where waste is being generated

appropriately marked or coded containers

A system of making coding or identification should be understood by _____________ especially for ___________________ for disposal off sites that appropriate handling and disposal techniques are employed.

1.) all laboratory personnel
2.) personnel engaged in the collection of waste

Appropriate codes of practice must be enforced on _________ of the waste disposal system.

both ends

Its implementation requires the direct involvement of the hospital’s maintenance, housekeeping, motor pool and cooperation of all health care personnel.

Proper waste collection

Waste collection is done ____ every shift

once

Lab staff should ensure that waste bags are tightly closed _________ or sealed when they are about ________ full

1.) tightly closed
2.) three quarts

Waste must be collected ____ or as frequently as required

daily

Bags or containers should be replaced immediately with ____________________.

new ones of the same type

Supply of _____________ or _________ should be readily available.

1.) fresh collection of waste bags
2.) containers

________ of waste storage must be implemented.

Color Coding

Noninfectious Dry waste

Black

Non infectious Wet waste

Green

Infectious and Pathologic Waste

Yellow

Chemical waste with Heavy Metals

YELLOW WITH BLACK BAND

Radioactive Waste

Orange

Sharps and Pressurized Containers

Red

Sharps must be collected together in a _________ and __________ containers

1.) puncture proof
2.) fitted with cover

Bags and containers of infectious waste should be marked with _____________________

international infectious substance symbol

Cytotoxic waste should be collected in _______________ clearly labelled ___________

1.) strong, leak proof containers
2.) cytotoxic wastes

Large quantities of chemical waste should be packed in ___________ and sent to ___________________ or returned to its supplier.

1.) chemical resistant container
2.) specialized treatment facilities

Aerosol containers may be collected with ________________ once they are completely empty.

general health carte waste

All health care waste should be collected and stored in waste storage area until transported to a designated _________________.

off site treatment facility

This treatment facility area should be within the hospital premises but should be away from patient rooms laboratories hospital functions/operation rooms or any public access areas. Waste should not permit the transmission of communicable diseases, create a nuisance and provide a breeding place for vermin.

away

The Transport of waste within establishments utilizes containers and wheeled trolleys that are dedicated solely for waste transport.

On site transport

health carte waste generator or hospital is responsible for the safe packing and adequate labelling of should comply with the national and local regulations governing the transport of hazardous wastes

Off-site transport

should not be used for transport of any other kind of materials that could be seriously affected by contamination such as food livestock and people

Collection vehicles

Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990

RA 6969

“The Code of Sanitation of the Philippines”

Presidential Decree No. 856 s 1975

“Provides Guideline in Hospital Management”

DOH DC # 156-C series of 1993

(Clean Air Act of 1999)

RA 8749

(Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2001)

RA 9003

Clean Water Art of 2004

RA 9275

Environmental Impact Statement System Law

PD 1586

1. In-lab Hazard Reduction
Lab reduction and Segregation

• Segregation at _________

• Segregation of infectious waste with ____________

• Use of distinctive, clearly __________ or plastic bags

• Use of the ___________

1.) point of origin
2.) multiple hazards
3.) marked containers
4.) universal biological hazard symbol

Polyethylene Drums

Acids/Bases

Metal Drums

Flammable/ solvents/ paints

Fiber drums

Granular materials