British History- Social Change 1939-1964

How many women were on the contraceptive pill by 1964?

1/2 million

Women were paid ___% less than men

40%

What did the 1942 Restoration of Pre-War Practises Act do?

It reversed the increase in women in the workplace

From 1945-1964, how many women left work because of austerity?

2 million

Abortion was illegal until...

1969

When was the marriage bar removed and what societal effect did this have

The marriage bar was removed in 1945/1947-- this helped women have mobility in the workplace and made marriage itself more popular

What was the status of domestic service in 1939-1964?

It ceased being a large female employer

In 1951, what % of women were employed in teaching, clerical, secretarial and factory work?

86% (not in domestic service)

What was the effect of a cut to nursing grants in 1947 on women? What policy was this a part of?

This was a part of austerity and reduced the family support for women

Which 1960 novel received obscenity charges under the 1956 Obscene Publications Act?

D.H Lawrence's 'Lady Chatterly's Lover'

Teen wages grew ___ as fast as adult equivalents, meaning...

They grew 2x as fast, meaning that teens had great disposable income to spend on leisure and to have independence

By the early 60s, what % of pupils took GCE's (required for A-Levels, higher education etc)?

20%

What % of the working class went on to higher education?

1%

Which report in 1963 identified a waste of young talent due to Britain's educational system?

The 1963 Newsome Report

Corporal punishment in schools remained in place until?

1986-- this remains unchanging

From what perspective did the government address the racism which grew during the Windrush and other immigration?

They attempted to fix this by restricting immigration instead of by addressing racism directly

Which act heralded greater immigration from the colonies?

1948 British Nationality Act

How many were immigrating in the UK annually by 1957?

35k

Was the image of consumerism and affluence genuine?

It was mainly superficial as inequality still remained prevalent in the UK

What % of undergraduates were w/c and what % were female?

3% working class and 1% female-- evidence of inequality

What did the Obscene Publications Act 1956 do?

It censored cultural materials and stopped liberal ideas from spreading on sexuality and other

Did attitudes towards the monarchy change during 1945-1964?

No, the monarchy was still very much secure with mass support for Queen Elizabeth's coronation in 1953

How did societal attitudes towards the government change in 1945-1964?

They became increasingly critical and not deferential due to scandals like the Profumo scandal which reduced faith in the 'Establishment'

Which unusual social groups were included in Shelagh Delaney's play 'A Taste of Honey'?

A Nigerian, a gay character, sexuality was also included-- BUT this was mainly fringe theatre and culture was still very conservative

What was a working class person's chances of passing the 11+ test?

1/10-- unfair and unequal

Did the disparity between married and unmarried women working end in 1945-1964?

NO-- unmarried women still work more

What was the long-term effect of social change and attitudes in 1945-1964?

It mainly came to fruition with legislative change AFTER 1964-- in the period changing attitudes are still emergent

Between 1945-1947, how many women returned to the home from work during WW2?

2million women

What were the negative ramifications of Windrush immigration?

1958 Notting Hill race riots and difficulties with assimilation/resistance to immigration

Which act attempted to address mass immigration?

1962 Commonwealth Immigration Act-- attempts to limit immigration

In 1958, how many commonwealth immigrants are in Britain?

210,000

Women earned ________% the wages of men (1945-1964)

60-70%

In 1960 there were ________ car owners in Britain

5million

There were still ________million people in inner-city slums

1.8million