CAM 20 - TEST

propulsion

/prəˈpʌl.ʃən/ - The fish uses its tail fin for ___ through the water. - the force that moves something forward (p___) - lực đẩy hoặc sự đẩy đi - Word building: propel (v) / propellant (n) - Synonyms: thrust / drive / push - Collocation: marine propulsion / jet propulsion / a means of propulsion

herbivore

/ˈhɜː.bɪ.vɔːr/ - The manatee is a large aquatic ___ that feeds strictly on vegetation. - an animal that eats only plants (h___) - động vật ăn thực vật - Word building: herbivorous (adj) - Synonyms: plant-eater / vegetarian - Collocation: aquatic herbivores / strict herbivores / a terrestrial herbivore

omnivorous

/ɒmˈnɪv.ər.əs/ - Pigs are ___ animals eating both plants and small insects. - naturally eating both plants and meat (o___) - ăn tạp - Word building: omnivore (n) / omnivorously (adv) - Synonyms: all-eating / polyphagous - Collocation: omnivorous diet / omnivorous species / omnivorous behavior

mollusc

/ˈmɒl.əsk/ - Snails clams and octopuses are all classified as a ___ because of their soft bodies. - a soft-bodied animal with no backbone often protected by a shell (m___) - động vật thân mềm - Word building: molluscan (adj) - Synonyms: shellfish / invertebrate - Collocation: marine molluscs / shelled molluscs / mollusc populations

abrasive

/əˈbreɪ.sɪv/ - Because seagrass can be tough and ___ the animal teeth wear down quickly. - rough and causing damage by rubbing or grinding (a___) - có tính mài mòn hoặc nhám - Word building: abrasion (n) / abrade (v) - Synonyms: rough / harsh / eroding - Collocation: abrasive material / highly abrasive / abrasive texture

grinding

/ˈɡraɪn.dɪŋ/ - The continuous ___ of tough vegetation gradually erodes their molars. - the action of crushing or rubbing something into small pieces (g___) - sự nghiền hoặc mài mòn hoặc nhai - Word building: grind (v) / grinder (n) - Synonyms: crushing / milling / friction - Collocation: grinding teeth / grinding process / grinding action

incisor

/ɪnˈsaɪ.zər/ - These mammals guide plants into their mouths without needing front ___ teeth. - one of the sharp teeth at the front of the mouth used for cutting food (i___) - răng cửa - Synonyms: front tooth / cutter - Collocation: front incisors / prominent incisors / incisor damage

diaphragm

/ˈdaɪ.ə.fræm/ - The mammal uses its muscular ___ to regulate the amount of air in its lungs. - the muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen used for breathing (d___) - cơ hoành - Synonyms: breathing muscle / midriff - Collocation: muscular diaphragm / diaphragm movement / contract the diaphragm

buoyancy

/ˈbɔɪ.ən.si/ - By adjusting their lung volume they can control their ___ in the water. - the ability to float in a liquid or rise to the top (b___) - sức nổi hoặc khả năng nổi - Word building: buoyant (adj) / buoyantly (adv) - Synonyms: floatability / lightness - Collocation: control buoyancy / adjust buoyancy / natural buoyancy

subspecies

/ˈsʌbˌspiː.ʃiːz/ - The West Indian manatee has two distinct ___: the Florida and Antillean manatees. - a category in biological classification below species (s___) - phân loài - Synonyms: sub-category / genetic variant - Collocation: distinct subspecies / endangered subspecies / geographic subspecies

landlocked

/ˈlænd.lɒkt/ - The West African manatee can be found in ___ countries like Mali and Niger. - completely surrounded by land with no ocean access (l___) - không giáp biển hoặc trong đất liền - Synonyms: inland / enclosed by land - Collocation: landlocked country / landlocked lake / landlocked sea

entanglement

/ɪnˈtæŋ.ɡəl.mənt/ - Accidental ___ in fishing gear remains a leading cause of marine mortality. - the state of being caught or trapped in something like a rope or net (e___) - sự mắc kẹt hoặc vướng vào - Word building: entangle (v) / entangled (adj) - Synonyms: trapping / snaring - Collocation: entanglement in fishing gear / accidental entanglement / risk of entanglement

berate oneself

/bɪˈreɪt wʌnˈself/ - Instead of trying to resolve the issue/ they often just ___ for their failures. - to criticize or scold yourself angrily (b___ o___) - tự trách móc bản thân / sỉ vả bản thân - Synonyms: blame oneself / self-criticize - Collocation: constantly berate oneself / berate oneself for failing

at hand

/æt hænd/ - We must focus entirely on the task ___ rather than worrying about the future. - near in time or place / currently needing attention (a___ h___) - trước mắt / sẵn có / đang cần giải quyết - Synonyms: ongoing / present / imminent - Collocation: task at hand / problem at hand

compose a message

/kəmˈpəʊz ə ˈmes.ɪdʒ/ - It took him over an hour to ___ to his professor. - to write or create a written communication (c___ a m___) - soạn tin nhắn / viết thư - Synonyms: write a text / draft an email - Collocation: compose a formal message / compose a message carefully

let down

/let daʊn/ - I promised to help and I do not want to ___ my team ___. - to disappoint someone by failing to do what was expected (l___ d___) - làm thất vọng / thất hứa - Synonyms: disappoint / fail someone / betray trust - Collocation: let down someone / feel let down

put together

/pʊt təˈɡeð.ər/ - It is difficult to ___ a coherent essay in just thirty minutes. - to assemble or organize different parts into a whole (p___ t___) - lắp ghép / tổng hợp / chuẩn bị - Synonyms: assemble / compile / organize - Collocation: put together an essay / put together a presentation

put off

/pʊt ɒf/ - Chronic procrastinators tend to ___ difficult tasks until the last minute. - to delay doing something until a later time (p___ o___) - trì hoãn - Synonyms: postpone / delay / defer - Collocation: put off doing homework / put off a decision

prime candidates

/praɪm ˈkæn.dɪ.dəts/ - People with high anxiety are ___ for chronic procrastination. - the most likely individuals to experience or be chosen for something (p___ c___) - ứng cử viên hàng đầu / đối tượng dễ mắc phải - Synonyms: ideal targets / highly likely individuals - Collocation: prime candidates for stress / prime candidates for the job

get on with it

/ɡet ɒn wɪð ɪt/ - Stop overthinking and just ___! - to continue doing something / especially after a delay or interruption (g___ o___ w___ i___) - tiếp tục làm đi / lo mà làm đi - Synonyms: proceed / carry on / take action - Collocation: get on with the task / just get on with it

contrary to popular belief

/ˈkɒn.trə.ri tuː ˈpɒp.jə.lər bɪˈliːf/ - __/ procrastination is not caused by laziness. - in a way that is opposite to what most people think (c___ to p___ b___) - trái với suy nghĩ thông thường / ngược lại với quan niệm phổ biến - Synonyms: opposite to widespread opinion / against common myths - Collocation: contrary to popular belief / contrary to expectations

self-worth

/self wɜːθ/ - Procrastinators often link their academic performance directly to their ___. - the value you put on yourself as a person (s___-w___) - giá trị bản thân / lòng tự trọng - Synonyms: self-esteem / self-respect - Collocation: damage self-worth / sense of self-worth

brain imaging

/breɪn ˈɪm.ɪ.dʒɪŋ/ - Recent ___ studies show differences in the amygdala of procrastinators. - technology used to take pictures of the brain structure or activity (b___ i___) - chụp ảnh não bộ / hình ảnh học não bộ - Synonyms: neuroimaging / brain scan - Collocation: functional brain imaging / brain imaging studies

emotionally loaded

/ɪˈməʊ.ʃən.əl.i ˈləʊ.dɪd/ - Tasks that are ___ often trigger avoidant behavior. - filled with strong feelings / likely to cause emotional reactions (e___ l___) - nặng nề về cảm xúc / dễ gây xúc động - Synonyms: emotionally charged / sensitive - Collocation: emotionally loaded tasks / emotionally loaded topics

judge harshly

/dʒʌdʒ ˈhɑːʃ.li/ - We tend to ___ ourselves ___ when we fail a mock exam. - to criticize or evaluate someone very strictly and severely (j___ h___) - phán xét nghiêm khắc / đánh giá khắt khe - Synonyms: criticize severely / condemn - Collocation: judge oneself harshly / judge others harshly

mood repair

/muːd rɪˈpeər/ - Procrastination is essentially a temporary coping mechanism for immediate ___. - the process of improving your emotional state after feeling bad (m___ r___) - cải thiện tâm trạng / xoa dịu cảm xúc tức thời - Synonyms: emotional regulation / mood improvement - Collocation: seek immediate mood repair / mood repair strategies

toll on

/təʊl ɒn/ - Chronic stress can take a heavy ___ both mental and physical health. - to have a severe / damaging / or suffering effect on something (t___ o___) - gây hại cho / làm kiệt quệ - Synonyms: damage / have a negative impact on / affect badly - Collocation: take a heavy toll on / toll on health

fraudulent excuses

/ˈfrɔː.dʒə.lənt ɪkˈskjuː.sɪz/ - Students often fabricate ___ to explain why their essay is late. - dishonest or fake reasons designed to deceive someone (f___ e___) - những lời ngụy biện gian dối / lý do bịa đặt - Synonyms: fabricated excuses / fake alibis - Collocation: make up fraudulent excuses / present fraudulent excuses

employment stability

/ɪmˈplɔɪ.mənt stəˈbɪl.ə.ti/ - Delaying key tasks at work can threaten your long-term ___. - the state of having a secure and long-lasting job (e___ s___) - sự ổn định việc làm - Synonyms: job security / employment security - Collocation: maintain employment stability / affect employment stability

correlate with

/ˈkɒr.ə.leɪt wɪð/ - Low self-esteem is shown to strongly ___ high procrastination levels. - to have a close connection or mutual relationship with another fact (c___ w___) - liên quan tương quan với - Synonyms: associate with / connect with / link to - Collocation: correlate directly with / correlate strongly with

destructive coping strategies

/dɪˈstrʌk.tɪv ˈkəʊ.pɪŋ ˈstræt.ə.dʒiz/ - Relying on alcohol or avoidance are considered ___. - harmful methods used to deal with stress or difficult emotions (d___ c___ s___) - các chiến lược đối phó mang tính hủy hoại - Synonyms: maladaptive coping / harmful defense mechanisms - Collocation: resort to destructive coping strategies / employ destructive coping strategies

fend off

/fend ɒf/ - Developing self-compassion can help ___ negative thoughts. - to defend yourself against or ward off an attack or difficulty (f___ o___) - ngăn chặn / né tránh / gạt bỏ - Synonyms: ward off / push away / repel - Collocation: fend off anxiety / fend off negative emotions

prone to

/prəʊn tuː/ - People who are anxious are more ___ procrastinate on difficult tasks. - likely to suffer from / do / or experience something unpleasant (p___ t___) - dễ bị / có xu hướng làm gì đó không tốt - Synonyms: susceptible to / vulnerable to / predisposed to - Collocation: prone to depression / prone to error / prone to procrastinate

take the edge off

/teɪk ði edʒ ɒf/ - Playing video games might ___ the stress of an upcoming deadline. - to make something unpleasant or painful less intense or severe (t___ the e___ o___) - làm giảm bớt độ căng thẳng / xoa dịu - Synonyms: ease the pain / relieve / soften the impact - Collocation: take the edge off the pain / take the edge off anxiety

one route out of the vicious cycle of procrastination

/wʌn ruːt aʊt ɒv ðə ˈvɪʃ.əs ˈsaɪ.kəl ɒv prəˌkræs.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ - Practicing self-forgiveness is ___. - a specific way or method to escape a self-repeating bad loop of putting things off (o___ r___ o___ of the v___ c___ of p___) - một con đường thoát khỏi vòng xoáy trì hoãn luẩn quẩn - Synonyms: a way to break the delay loop / path to escape procrastination - Collocation: identify one route out of the vicious cycle of procrastination

compassion

/kəmˈpæʃ.ən/ - Showing self-___ rather than berating oneself is crucial for recovery. - a strong feeling of sympathy and sadness for the suffering of others or oneself with a desire to help (c___) - lòng trắc ẩn / sự bao dung - Word building: compassionate (adj) - Synonyms: empathy / kindness / self-forgiveness - Collocation: self-compassion / show compassion / treat with compassion

umpire

/ˈʌm.paɪ.ər/ - The baseball ___ made a controversial decision. - a person who rules on the plays in a game like baseball or tennis (u___) - trọng tài bóng chày hoặc quần vợt - Word building: umpiring (n) / umpire (v) - Synonyms: referee / official / arbiter - Collocation: professional umpire / appeal to the umpire

commission

/kəˈmɪʃ.ən/ - The government decided to ___ a study on officiating. - to formally choose someone to do a special piece of work or order something to be made (c___) - ủy thác hoặc đặt hàng hoặc yêu cầu thực hiện - Word building: commissioner (n) / commissioned (adj) - Synonyms: hire / appoint / authorize - Collocation: commission a study / commission a report

judgement call

/ˈdʒʌdʒ.mənt kɔːl/ - Whether to stop the match due to rain is a ___. - a decision based on personal opinion or experience rather than on absolute rules (j___ c___) - quyết định cảm tính hoặc phán đoán cá nhân - Synonyms: subjective decision / personal assessment - Collocation: make a judgement call

heckle

/ˈhek.əl/ - Some angry spectators began to ___ the umpire after the ruling. - to interrupt a public speaker or performer with loud and unfriendly statements (h___) - la ó hoặc quấy rối hoặc ngắt lời - Word building: heckler (n) / heckling (n) - Synonyms: jeer / taunt / harass - Collocation: get heckled by the crowd

tweak

/twiːk/ - Software developers had to ___ the tracking algorithm to prevent errors. - to make small changes to a system or machine to make it work better (t___) - tinh chỉnh hoặc sửa đổi nhỏ - Word building: tweak (n) - Synonyms: adjust / modify / fine-tune - Collocation: tweak the system / tweak the rules

consensus

/kənˈsen.səs/ - There is a growing ___ that technology improves sports fairness. - a general agreement that is shared by all members of a group (c___) - sự đồng thuận hoặc nhất trí - Synonyms: agreement / accord / harmony - Collocation: reach a consensus / general consensus

pedantic

/pəˈdæn.tɪk/ - Some critics argue that automated officiating makes the game too ___. - giving too much attention to formal rules or small and unimportant details (p___) - quá câu nệ tiểu tiết hoặc cứng nhắc - Word building: pedantry (n) / pedantically (adv) - Synonyms: fussy / nitpicking / precise - Collocation: pedantic approach / pedantic rules

legalistic

/ˌliː.ɡəlˈɪs.tɪk/ - Interpreting the rulebook in a ___ manner can ruin the spirit of sports. - strictly obeying the letter of the law or rules in a rigid or excessive way (l___) - quá câu nệ luật pháp hoặc máy móc theo luật lệ - Word building: legalism (n) - Synonyms: rigid / bureaucratic / narrow-minded - Collocation: legalistic approach / legalistic arguments

baserunning

/ˈbeɪsˌrʌn.ɪŋ/ - Excellent ___ can turn a single hit into a scoring opportunity. - the act or skill of running from base to base in baseball (b___) - kỹ thuật chạy chiếm chốt trong bóng chày - Synonyms: base running - Collocation: baserunning skills / baserunning decisions

geometry

/dʒiˈɒm.ə.tri/ - Tracking cameras use complex ___ to calculate if a ball is in or out. - the branch of mathematics studying points and lines and shapes (g___) - hình học hoặc cấu trúc không gian - Word building: geometric (adj) / geometrically (adv) - Synonyms: spatial configuration - Collocation: spatial geometry / complex geometry

discretion

/dɪˈskreʃ.ən/ - Umpires must have some ___ to interpret the rules during a match. - the power or right to decide what should be done in a particular situation (d___) - quyền tự quyết hoặc sự định đoạt - Word building: discretionary (adj) / discrete is different - Synonyms: choice / judgment / authority - Collocation: at the discretion of someone / absolute discretion

dissenting stance

/dɪˈsen.tɪŋ stɑːns/ - The lead scientist maintained a ___ on the safety of the new drug. - a formal position or attitude of disagreement with a prevailing opinion (d___ s___) - lập trường bất đồng hoặc ý kiến phản bác - Synonyms: opposing view / non-conforming attitude - Collocation: adopt a dissenting stance / maintain a dissenting stance

make sth feasible

/meɪk ˈfiː.zə.bəl/ - Advancements in solar technology ___ clean energy ___ for remote villages. - to make an action or project possible and practical to achieve (m___ s___ f___) - làm cho cái gì khả thi hoặc thực tế - Word building: feasibility (n) - Synonyms: make possible / render practicable - Collocation: make a project feasible / make it economically feasible

contraption

/kənˈtræp.ʃən/ - The early prototype of the tracking system was a bulky and wooden ___. - a device or machine that looks strange or complicated or old-fashioned (c___) - cỗ máy kỳ lạ hoặc máy móc phức tạp kỳ dị - Synonyms: gadget / apparatus / machine - Collocation: mechanical contraption / strange contraption

mount

/maʊnt/ - Technicians had to ___ high-speed cameras on the stadium pillars. - to fix something firmly in place or to organize and begin an activity (m___) - gắn hoặc lắp ráp hoặc phát động - Word building: mounted (adj) / mounting (n) - Synonyms: install / set up / organize - Collocation: mount high-speed cameras / mount a campaign / mount a challenge