Untitled Flashcards Set

What are the symptoms of Grade 0 Hepatic Encephalopathy?

Nearly asymptomatic; normal level of consciousness; minimal changes in memory and concentration.

What characterizes Grade 1 Hepatic Encephalopathy?

Slight personality changes, mood swings, mild confusion, impaired handwriting, and sleep disorders.

What are the symptoms experienced in Grade 2 Hepatic Encephalopathy?

Progression of tremor to asterixis, resistance to passive movement, bilateral numbness, and unusual behavior.

What defines Grade 3 Hepatic Encephalopathy?

Marked confusion, incoherent speech, muscle rigidity, hyperreactive reflexes, and can be aroused from sleep.

What is the primary transmission route for Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)?

Transmitted by the fecal-oral route, primarily due to poor hygiene.

How is Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) transmitted?

Transmitted percutaneously or through mucosal contact; highly infectious.

What is significant about Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)?

Most commonly associated with injection-drug use and may lead to chronic infection.

What are the classic symptoms of acute viral hepatitis?

Malaise, fatigue, mild fever, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and jaundice.

What is Charcot’s Triad associated with?

It is associated with acute cholangitis; symptoms include fever, jaundice, and right upper quadrant pain.

What is Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis?

A progressive bile duct destruction condition, common in ages 20-40, often asymptomatic.

Which risk factors are associated with cholelithiasis?

Obesity, pregnancy, and being female.

What is a significant complication of choledocholithiasis?

Pancreatitis and cholangitis.

What is the primary management strategy for Hepatitis?

Prevention through education and practicing safe behaviors.