VCE Physical Education Unit 3 Exam Revision

5.0(1)
studied byStudied by 19 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/132

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

For Victorian Certificate of Education Physical Education Unit 3 revision

Sports

12th

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

133 Terms

1
New cards
Gross Motor Skills
Movements involving the use of large muscle groups.
2
New cards
Fine Motor Skills
Precise movements that engage the use of small muscle groups.
3
New cards
Open Motor Skills
Motor Skills which are performed in an environment that is constantly changing and externally paced.
4
New cards
Closed Motor Skills
Movements that are predictable, self-paced environments. Marked on a continuum.
5
New cards
Continuous Motor Skills
Movements with no distinct beginning or ending
6
New cards
Serial Motor Skills
Series or group of discrete skills strung together to create a more complicated skilled action.
7
New cards
Discrete Motor Skills
Movements of brief duration that are easily defined by a distinct beginning and end.
8
New cards
Fundamental Motor Skills
Movement patterns that involve different body parts. They are the foundational movements to more sports-specific skills.
9
New cards
Sports Specific Skills
Utilising a range of fundamental movement skills in a sequence.
10
New cards
Cognitive Stage of Learning
This is the initial phase of learning of a motor skill where the emphasis is on conscious understanding of tasks.

Referred to as the beginner stage

Frequent and large errors/can’t detect own problems
11
New cards
Associative Stage of Learning
The 2nd stage of learning where movement patterns become more refined and consistent through practice.

Referred to as the practice stage

More Gradual Improvements
12
New cards
Autonomous Stage of Learning
The final stage of learning where the performer is able to perform the skills automatically.

Referred to as the expert stage

Can manipulate movements/performance is coordinated
13
New cards
Massed Practice
Having longer but less training sessions
14
New cards
Distributed Practice
Having shorter but more training sessions
15
New cards
Blocked Practice
Significant periods of time focused on particular skills
16
New cards
Random Practice
Only working on a particular skill for a short time period and than resting or moving on.
17
New cards
Intrinsic Feedback
Intrinsic Feedback is internal which includes;

Visual

Auditory

Touch
18
New cards
Augmented/Extrinsic Feedback
Augmented/extrinsic feedback which includes; Knowledge of results (success/failure)

Knowledge of performance (reasons for success/failure)
19
New cards
Knowledge of Performance
Refers to the characteristics of the performance- the reasons for success or failure.
20
New cards
Knowledge of Results
Refers to the specific outcomes of the performance whether it was a success or failure.
21
New cards
Social Factors on skills & Stages of Learning
\
Family Structure

Roles and Status

Time

Available Resources

Access to coaches

Discrimination

Personality

Self-belief

Active Role Models
22
New cards
Cultural Factors
Education

Politics

Religion

Social

Organisations

Technology

Values

Attitudes

Race

Climate

Housing

Geographic Location
23
New cards
Qualitative Movement Analysis
Preparation

Observation

Evaluation

Error-Correction
24
New cards
Preparation
The coach needs to determine, what/why/how it is being analysed.
25
New cards
Observation
The process of looking at the performance, but can be subjective.
26
New cards
Evaluation
Finding what the problem is and what’s causing the problem
27
New cards
Error Correction
Analysis identifies weaknesses and develops strategies. Implemented within training or in game.
28
New cards
Direct Based Coaching
Task Selection

Structure of how tasks are performed

Duration of time spent
29
New cards
Constraints Based Approach
A coaching mean that uses boundaries or playing restrictions on the learner
30
New cards
Individual Constraints
Technical Skills

Body Size

Body Strength

Fitness Levels

Age/Gender

Mental Skills

Decision Making Skills
31
New cards
Environmental Constraints
Physical Environment

Weather

Light

Access to Facilities

Noise Levels

Gravity

Socio-Cultural

Friends (peers)

Role Models

Parents

Price
32
New cards
Task Constraints
Players on the team

Dimensions of playing space

Rules of the sport

Equipment

Court Dimensions
33
New cards
Biomechanics
the science that studies living things from a mechanical perspective. Using principles of physics, biomechanics helps to develop and refine human movement.
34
New cards
Forces
Defined as a push or pull. It can either;\\

Change the shape of the object

Move the object Formula = Mass x Acceleration
35
New cards
Inertia
The tendency for a body to resist a change in its state of motion whether it is at rest or moving.
36
New cards
Impulse
The change in momentum in an object (receiving force, absorbing force) Formula \= Force x Time
37
New cards
Newtons First Law of Motion
The law of Inertia states that a body will remain at rest unless acted upon by an external force.
38
New cards
Newtons Second Law of Motion
The law of Force/Acceleration states that a force applied to an object will produce a change in Acceleration in the direction applied, which is directly proportional to the size.
39
New cards
Newtons Third Law of Motion
The law of action/reaction states that every action will have an equal or opposite reaction.
40
New cards
Newtons First Law of Angular Momentum
The law of inertia states that momentum of a body remains constant unless acted upon by an external torque.
41
New cards
Newtons second law of angular momentum
A torque applied will produce a change in angular motion in the direction that is applied.
42
New cards
Newtons third law of Angular Momentum
For every torque there is equal and opposite torque
43
New cards
Momentum
is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its velocity. Measured in kg m/s.
44
New cards
Momentum Formula
Mass x velocity
45
New cards
Summation of Momentum
the sequential and coordinated movement of each body segment to produce maximum velocity
46
New cards
Speed
How quickly an object covers distanceSpeed\= Distance/time
47
New cards
Velocity
How quickly an object is changing position, relative to its starting position.Velocity \= Displacement/Time
48
New cards
Acceleration
How quickly an object changes its rate of motion is called acceleration and is using the following equation;

Acceleration = change in velocity/time
49
New cards
Angular Displacement
A measurement of how the object moves and is measured in degrees
50
New cards
Angular Distance
A measurement of degrees an object passes through from start to finish
51
New cards
Angular Speed
Is measured of how quickly angular distance is covered
52
New cards
Angular Velocity
Is the measure of how quickly the object has moved from its starting point and in what direction it has moved.
53
New cards
Angular Acceleration
Is the measure of the rate of change in angular position. It can be positive and negative
54
New cards
Projectile Motion
An object or body that is launched into the air and attached only by the forces of gravity and air resistance can be considered as a projectile.
55
New cards
Impacts on Projectile Motion
Angle of Release

Speed of Release

Height of Release
56
New cards
Equilibrium
An object is said to be in equilibrium when there are no unbalanced forces or torques acting on it.

Static Equilibrium = must be completely motionless

Dynamic Equilibrium = Velocity must be constant
57
New cards
Factors Affecting Stability
Line of gravity

Base of Support

Centre of Gravity

Body Mass

Friction
58
New cards
2 forces which affect the projectile in motion
Gravity (vertical)

Air Resistance (Horizontal)
59
New cards
Levers
A lever is a simple machine consisting of a rigid bar that can be made to rotate about an axis in order to expert a force on another object.
60
New cards
First Class Lever
Have the axis located in between the effort force and resistance force.
61
New cards
Second Class Lever
Have the resistance force located between the effort force and the axis
62
New cards
Third Class Lever
Have the effort force located between the resistance force and the axis.
63
New cards
Mechanical Advantage
Can be calculated by force arm/resistance arm1 \= lever built to increase force1 \= lever is balanced between speed and purpose
64
New cards
Conservation of Angular Momentum
Moment of Inertia (mass x radius^2) x angular velocity.A decrease in inertia will be met with an increase in Angular Velocity.Angular Velocity is increased if radius is low
65
New cards
ATP Breakdown
ATP is the energy source for all muscular movements. The ATP is split when a phosphate group is removed from the molecule. When it is split it releases energy.
66
New cards
Creatine Phosphate (Chemical)
Chemical fuel contatining a high-energy phosphate for rapid release of energy.Limited CP Storage
67
New cards
Carbohydrates
Sugar and starches e.g. bread, pasta, fruit, vegetables.The bodys preferred source of fuel under exercise conditions.
68
New cards
Fats
Are a concentrated fuel source in dairy products, oils, nuts etc. Preferred fuel source at rest and during prolonged submaximal exercise.
69
New cards
Protein
Protein if found in meat, fish, eggs etc. Used for muscle growth and repair.

Minimal Contribution to energy production during exercise.
70
New cards
At rest exercise Fuel
Fats

Carbohydrates (Aerobic)

Carbohydrates (Anaerobic)
71
New cards
Submaximal Activity Fuel
Carbohydrates (Aerobic)

Fats

Carbohydrates (Anaerobic)

Protein
72
New cards
Maximal Activity Fuel
Carbohydrates
73
New cards
ATP-PC System
Fuel=Creatine Phosphate

Intensity=Maximal
74
New cards
Anaerobic Glycolysis System
Fuel=Glycogen

Intensity=High Intensity 95%-85%

Rate=Fast

Yield=2-3 ATP PM

Duration=10-75 seconds
75
New cards
Aerobic Glycolysis System
Fuel=Glycogen/Triglycerides

Intensity=Submaximal 85%-70% or >70%

Rate=Slow

Yield=38 ATP PM or 441 ATP PM (triglycerides)

Duration=75 seconds +
76
New cards
Factors Affecting Contribution
The duration of the exercise

The intensity of the exercise

Whether sufficient oxygen is present

Continuous exercise or intermittent exercise

Available fuel sources
77
New cards
Writing a response
All energy systems contribute to energy production

ATP-PC starts continues to 6-10 seconds

Anaerobic Glycolysis becomes more dominant

Aerobic Glycolysis System increases but never becomes dominant.

Predominant Energy system would be ATP-PC for a 200m event.
78
New cards
Intermittent Activity
Exercise beats that alternate between periods of activity and intensity.
79
New cards
Contributions from the energy systems depends on
Duration

Intensity

Fuel Availability

Weather Conditions
80
New cards
Lactate Inflection Point (LIP)
LIP is the highest exercise intensity where lactate removal and lactate production are balanced.
81
New cards
Beyond LIP
Beyond LIP, lactate production exceeds

Accumulation of Hydrogen Ions causes fatigue
82
New cards
Intensity of LIP
Generally at 85% Max Heart Rate55-70% VO2 Max
83
New cards
Oxygen Uptake or Vo2
The volume of oxygen able to be taken up by and transported to and used by the body for energy.
84
New cards
Vo2 Max Vs. Vo2
Vo2 Max=The maximum volume of oxygen able to be used by the body. Vo2=Is the rate of oxygen
85
New cards
Factors Affecting Oxygen Uptake
Body Size

Age

Gender

Training

Genetics
86
New cards
Oxygen Deficit
Is the period of time at the start of the exercise where the oxygen demand exceeds.
87
New cards
Steady State
Is the state in which oxygen equals oxygen demand
88
New cards
Oxygen Debt (EPOC)
At the completion of exercise, oxygen consumption remains elevated, despite a reduction in the demand for energy.
89
New cards
Fast Phase of EPOC
ATP Resynthesise

CP Resynthesise

Restore oxygen to Myoglobin
90
New cards
Slow Phase of EPOC
Return core temperature

Convert Lactic Acid to h2o

Lactic Acid converted to Glycogen/protein

Restore heart rate

Restore other body systems
91
New cards
Acute Respiratory Responses
Increase Respiratory Rate = number of breaths per minute

Increase Ventilation = Volume of air breathed in per minute (RR x TV = V)

Increased Tidal Volume = volume of air breathed in per breath

Increased Pulmonary Diffusion = The transfer of oxygen to the alveoli to the capillaries
92
New cards
Acute Cardiovascular Responses
Increased Heart Rate = Number of beats of the heart per minute

Increased Stroke Volume = Volume of blood pumped per beat of the heart

Increased Cardiac Volume = Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute (HR x SV = Q)

Increased Systolic Blood Pressure = The pressure exerted by the blood against the arterial walls when the heart contracts.

Redistribution of blood flow = Altering the percentage of cardiac output that is distributed to various body sites.

Increased Venous Return = The blood returning to the heart via the venous system

Increased AVO2 Difference = The difference in the concentration of oxygen in the arterial blood and venous blood.

Decreased Blood Volume = total quantity of blood in the body (plasma + cellular)
93
New cards
Acute Muscular Responses
Increased motor unit recruitment = The number and frequency of motor units recruited for the muscular contractions

Increased muscle temperature = The degree of intensity of heat present in the muscles.

Increased oxygen uptake and consumption = Volume of oxygen that can be taken up and used by the body.

Increased Metabolic By Products = Substance leftover from the metabolic processes.

Decreased Energy Substrate Scores = Fuel sources required for ATP resynthesis.
94
New cards
Relative VO2 Max
Is a better measurement to compare athletes to one another.
95
New cards
Absolute VO2 Max
The amount of oxygen breathed in per minute.
96
New cards
Increased Ventilation Formula
Increased Respiratory Rate x Tidal Volume
97
New cards
Increased Cardiac Output Formula
Heart Rate x Stroke Volume
98
New cards
Before exercise (increased heart rate)
Anticipatory Response

Warming the body up
99
New cards
ATP Breakdown
ATP is the energy source for all muscular movements. The ATP is split when a phosphate group is removed from the molecule. When it is split it releases energy.
100
New cards
Creatine Phosphate (Chemical)
Chemical fuel contatining a high-energy phosphate for rapid release of energy.Limited CP Storage