Biology (Nat 5) - Cells/Cell Structure

Types of Cells/Fuctions/Found in

Nucleus

Controls most cells activities. it is where the genetic information is stored in a cell. Stores DNA, manages gene expression and controls cell growth and reproduction.

Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer that surrounds plant cells, providing support and strength. It’s found in plant cells, fungal cells and bacteria cells, not animal cells. The cell wall is primarily composed of cellulose in plant cells, specifically. its freely permeable.

Cell Membrane

Controls substances which can enter and exit the cell. it is selectively permeable. It is found in; animal cells, plant cells, fungal cells and bacterial cells.

Cytoplasm

It is the location of chemical reactions whithin a cell. it is a jelly like substance which fills the gaps inbetween all the other different cell organelles in a cell.

Mitochondria

It is the location of aerobic respiration/where ATP or energy is made. Called ‘power-house’ of the cell.

Chloroplast

Contains chlorophyll (its colour is green) and is the location of photosynthesis in plant cells. Is found only in plant cells.

Vacuole

Contains cell sap and supports the cell. Found only in plant cells.

Ribosome

The location of protein synthesis - where proteins are made. found in animal, plant, fungal and bacterial cells.

Plasmid

Are a circular loop of DNA. Only found in bacterial cells. bacterial cells do not have nucleus’s but have plasmids.

Nucleus - Found in

Plant cells.

Cell wall - Found in:

Plant, fungal and bacterial cells

Cell Membrane - Found in:

All cells. - Plant, animal, bacterial and fungal.

Cytoplasm - Found in:

All cells. - Plant, animal, bacterial and fungal.

Mitochondria - Found in:

Animal, plant and fungal cells

Chloroplast - Found in:

Plant cells

Vacuole - Found in:

Plant cells

Ribosome - Found in:

Plant, animal, bacterial and fungal cells.

Plasmid - Found in:

Bacterial cells

Cell organelle

specialized, membrane-bound structures within a eukaryotic cell that perform specific functions necessary for the cell's survival and operation

Eukaryotic cell

a complex type of cell that has a true, membrane-bound nucleus and specialized, membrane-bound structures called organelles.

Prokaryotic Cells

Simple, small cells that do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound parts.

Prokaryotic Cells - Examples

Bacteria and Archaea (always single-celled organisms)

Eukaryotic cell - Examples

Plants, animals, fungi, and protists (can be single-celled or multicellular)

Permeable

It means allowing liquids or gases to pass through a material or surface

Cells walls aren’t found in?:

Animal cells