Anthropology 101 Exam 1

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Get a hint
Hint

Anthropology

Get a hint
Hint

scholarly field of inquiry that studies humans as group members

Get a hint
Hint

cultural anthropology

Get a hint
Hint

study the similarities and differences among living societies and cultural groups

  • includes enculturation

Card Sorting

1/39

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

40 Terms

1
New cards

Anthropology

scholarly field of inquiry that studies humans as group members

2
New cards

cultural anthropology

study the similarities and differences among living societies and cultural groups

  • includes enculturation

3
New cards

archaeology

this subset of anthropology focuses on the material past left behind by people

  • techniques include excavation

4
New cards

Biological anthropology

the study of human origins, evolutions. and variation

  • studies nonhuman primates

  • studies extinct human species ‘

  • studies humans in the present [genetic + phenotypic variation]

5
New cards

Linguistic Anthropology

subset of anthropology that focuses on the relationship between language, thought, and culture

  • tracks the emergence and diversification of languages

  • language use in today’s social context

  • how language is crucial to socialization

6
New cards

Mutation

one of the forces of evolution

these are the only source of new genetic material/variation in a population

  • types include point mutations, translocations, and frameshift mutations

7
New cards

natural selection

one of the forces of evolution

the differential reproduction of individuals based on heritable differences between them

8
New cards

genetic drift (migration)

one of the forces of evolution

random change in allele frequency

  • ex: founder effect

9
New cards

gene flow

one of the forces of evolution

the transfer of genes across population boundaries

  • prevents speciation

  • humans have migrated a lot throughout history

10
New cards

geology

helped with the understanding that Earth was much older than previously believed, thus providing the correct time scale necessary for natural selection to make sense

  • science that deals with the Earth’s physical structure and substance

11
New cards

taxonomy

recognition that living organisms have features that they share closely or most distantly with other groups

  • science dealing with classifying organisms

12
New cards

paleontology

recognition that fossils represent previous living forms that change over time and brought on the idea of extinction

  • science concerned with fossils and plants

13
New cards

demography

realization that population growth is limited by resources

  • the study of population growth and resource limitation

14
New cards

Prosimians

Geography - Africa & Asia

prehensile tails; tooth combs; lack of complex social behavioral patterns

  • lemurs, lorises, tarsiers

15
New cards

Platyrrhines

geography - The Americas

flat noses; dental formula 2133; prehensile tails; small family groups

  • spider monkeys + tamarin monkeys

16
New cards

Cercopithecoids

Geography - Africa and Asia

non-prehensile tails; large group living; Ischial callosities [butt pad]; 2.1,2.3/2.1,2.3 dental formula w/ bilophodont molars

  • vervet monkeys + red colobus monkeys

17
New cards

Hominoid

geography - Africa and Asia

no tails, rotational suspensory shoulders, Y-5 molars; high levels of social complexity

  • orangutans + gorillas

18
New cards

Aristotle

immutability of species; chain of being

19
New cards

Hippocrates

disease from environment/lifestyle

20
New cards

Andreas Vesalius

Cadaver-based anatomy

21
New cards

Roberte Hooks

fossils are organisms’ remains; cells

22
New cards

Carolus Linnaeus

taxonomy of plants and animals

23
New cards

Georges Cuvier

Catastrophism

24
New cards

Robert Thomas Malthus

population growth checked by resources

25
New cards

James Hutton

uniformitarianism

26
New cards

Alfred Wallace

natural selection

27
New cards

Lewis Henry Morgan

Eurocentric stages of “cultural progress”

28
New cards

Franz Boas

Four-Field American Anthrpology

29
New cards

Sherwood Washburn

Brought biology into physical anthropology

30
New cards

Franklin, Watson and Crick

DNA molecular structure

31
New cards

Primate fieldwork

Method for studying non-human primates

goal: observation of behavior in the most normal conditions of their existence

  • habituation

  • general hard work conditions

  • expensive & dangerous

  • animals are hard to locate

32
New cards

Captive Study

Advantages: cheap and convenient, animals don’t leave, controlled experimental conditions

Disadvantages: primates may act different from them in the wild

33
New cards

ethnocentrism

studying other cultures with the view that the culture you reside in is the most advanced and therefore any other culture should abide by their rules

34
New cards

holism

studying human cultures through multiple perspectives to achieve the highest and complete understanding of that culture.

35
New cards

emic

studying culture from the member of the society’s perspective

36
New cards

etic

studying culture from the perspective of an outsider

37
New cards

cultural relativism

the idea that we should seek to understand another person’s beliefs from their perspective and not ours

38
New cards

phylogeny

evolutionary tree of relativity and divergence of taxonomic groups

39
New cards

habituation

you transform their behavior by making them tolerate your presence

40
New cards

ancestral characters

homologous traits that appear early in the evolution of a lineage