human occupation

2011 assessment of shoreline change

* most erosion in the south
* Bhadrak mangrove forests = 50% higher rate of accretion
* 14% stable
* coastline is mainly accreting (esp in the north)

south

where does most erosion occur?

accretion - especially in the north

opportunities of human development

* large fish stocks - aquaculture
* offshore wind and tidal power developments
* heavy metal and mineral deposits along 35% of coastline
* offshore oil and gas sea mining
* cultural sites
* tourism
* beaches
* wildlife sanctuaries

risks of human developments

* seasonal variation
* attempts to halt erosion has pushed problem downstream
* vulnerable coastline communities
* rate of erosion
* tropical cyclones

seasonal variation in the summer

* accretion
* low energy coastline

seasonal variation in the winter

* erosion
* high energy coastline

attempts to halt erosion has pushed problem downstream

threatens barrier beaches and estuaries

vulnerable coastline communities

* storm surges
* concerned government
* flooding
* climate change

rate of erosion

increased due to human activity

how human intervention affects dynamic coastline

* concerns of economic value
* unnatural imbalance of erosion and accretion

tropical cyclone risks

* uproot power lines and trees
* destroy and disrupt livelihoods = constant cycle of resilience and adaptation
* increased vulnerability
* damaged ecosystems