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What is the wavelength of a wave?
The distance between two consecutive crests (or troughs) of the wave.
What is the amplitude of a wave?
The maximum displacement of points on a wave from its equilibrium position, measured as 1.4 cm.
What does frequency refer to in wave mechanics?
The number of cycles (complete waveforms) that occur in one second, expressed in Hertz (Hz).
What is the period of a wave?
The duration taken for one complete cycle of the wave to pass a given point, measured in seconds.
What is the relationship between period and frequency?
They are inversely related; T = 1/f.
How do you calculate wave speed?
Wave speed (v) is calculated using the formula v = λf.
Given a frequency of 60 Hz, what is the period?
T = 1/60 = 0.0167 seconds.
If the speed of a wave is 30 m/s and the frequency is 60 Hz, what is the wavelength?
λ = 30 m/s / 60 Hz = 0.5 m.
If the period is 12 seconds and the wavelength is 200 m, what is the wave speed?
Speed (v) = 200 m / 12 s = 16.7 m/s.
What are P-waves?
Primary waves, or compressional waves, that can travel through solids and liquids.
If the speed of a P-wave is 5000 m/s and the wavelength is 150 m, what is the frequency?
f = 5000 m/s / 150 m = 33.3 Hz.
What are S-waves?
Secondary waves, or shear waves, that can only travel through solids.
If the speed of an S-wave is 2800 m/s and the frequency is 33.3 Hz, what is the wavelength?
λ = 2800 m/s / 33.3 Hz = 84 m.
How do you calculate the P-wave arrival time for a distance of 200 km at a speed of 5 km/s?
P-wave Arrival Time = 200 km / 5 km/s = 400 seconds.
How do you calculate the S-wave arrival time for a distance of 200 km at a speed of 2.8 km/s?
S-wave Arrival Time = 200 km / 2.8 km/s = 714 seconds.
What is the SP interval?
SP Interval is the difference in arrival times between S-waves and P-waves at a given distance, calculated as SP Interval = 714 s - 400 s = 314 seconds.
What occurs during constructive interference?
Two waves meet in phase, resulting in a new wave with greater amplitude.
What occurs during destructive interference?
Two waves meet out of phase, leading to cancellation or a wave of smaller amplitude.
What are nodes and antinodes in a standing wave?
Nodes are points of no displacement; antinodes are points of maximum displacement.
What are the frequencies and wavelengths for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th harmonics on a string of length 1m?
1st Harmonic: 25 Hz (λ = 2m), 2nd Harmonic: 50 Hz (λ = 1m), 3rd Harmonic: 75 Hz (λ = 0.67m), 4th Harmonic: 100 Hz (λ = 0.5m).
What are transform boundaries?
Boundaries where tectonic plates slide past each other, generating earthquakes with little volcanic activity.
What occurs at divergent boundaries?
Tectonic plates separate, forming rift zones, mid-ocean ridges, and marked by volcanic activity.
What happens at convergent boundaries?
Plates collide, leading to subduction zones, earthquakes, and volcanic arcs.
What are tsunamis?
Major seismic waves commonly associated with convergent boundaries or subduction zones, posing risks to coastal regions.
What is mountain building?
The collision of continental plates creating uplift and high mountain ranges like the Himalayas.
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