Pediatric Cardiovascular Function and Disorders

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to pediatric cardiovascular function and disorders, based on the lecture notes.

Congenital Heart Disease

A defect in the structure of the heart present at birth, affecting normal blood flow.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

A fetal ductus that connects the aorta to the pulmonary artery, which normally closes shortly after birth.

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)

A congenital condition where the left side of the heart is underdeveloped.

Tetralogy of Fallot

A congenital heart defect comprising four abnormalities that result in insufficiently oxygenated blood reaching the body.

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

A hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two upper chambers of the heart (atria).

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

A defect in the septum separating the ventricles, resulting in increased pulmonary blood flow.

Kawasaki Disease

A condition that causes inflammation of blood vessels, leading to complications such as coronary artery aneurysms.

Eisenmenger’s Syndrome

A condition resulting from uncorrected congenital heart defects leading to pulmonary hypertension and cyanosis.

Cardiogenic Shock

A condition where the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood, leading to inadequate perfusion.

Septic Shock

A severe infection causing organ dysfunction and dangerously low blood pressure.

Anaphylactic Shock

A severe allergic reaction causing rapid drop in blood pressure and airway constriction.

Digoxin

A medication used to treat heart conditions by improving heart contraction and controlling heart rate.

Prostaglandin E1

A vasodilator used to keep certain heart structures open in newborns with specific congenital heart defects.

Coarctation of the Aorta

A narrowing of the aorta, leading to differences in blood pressure between the upper and lower body.

Shock Position

A maneuver where a person lies flat with legs raised to enhance venous return to the heart during shock.

Systole

The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood.

Diastole

The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart relaxes and fills with blood.