Survey of Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

A set of flashcards covering key vocabulary and definitions related to eukaryotic cells and microorganisms, derived from the lecture notes.

Eukaryotic cell

A type of cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, distinct from prokaryotic cells.

Endosymbiotic Theory

The theory that eukaryotic cells evolved when larger prokaryotic cells engulfed smaller prokaryotic cells.

Protozoa

Unicellular eukaryotes that lack tissues and share similarities in structure and biochemistry.

Glycocalyx

An outermost boundary that comes into direct contact with the environment, usually composed of polysaccharides.

Lysosomes

Vesicles containing enzymes involved in intracellular digestion and protection against invading microbes.

Mitochondria

Organelles that function in energy production and storage, containing their own DNA.

Chloroplasts

Organelles that convert sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

Hyphae

Long filamentous structures that make up the bodies of filamentous fungi, or molds.

Yeasts

Unicellular fungi characterized by their round to oval shape and mode of asexual reproduction.

Mycoses

Fungal infections that can be opportunistic or pathogenic.

Sporangiospores

Spores formed by successive cleavages within a saclike head during asexual reproduction.

Conidiospores

Free spores not enclosed by a spore-bearing sac, formed as a result of asexual reproduction.

Cyst

A dormant stage of protozoans that can survive unfavorable conditions.

Trophozoite

The motile feeding stage of protozoa.

Fungi

A kingdom of organisms, most of which are decomposers and can be unicellular or multicellular.

Heterotrophic

Organisms that obtain their food from organic substances, as fungi do.

Flagella

Locomotor appendages that allow movement, characterized by a long, sheathed cylinder containing microtubules.

Cilia

Short, hair-like structures that aid in locomotion and feeding in certain protozoans.