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What is nature and source of power for liberalism
power is not in zero sum terms (one loses one wins), can be developed collectively, power is thought in terms of capabilities, power is expressed through military/security but can be collective
What is the nature and source of power for realists
power is in zero sum terms, power is relational (held over another) and relative (one power contrasts the extent of antoher’s), power is expressed through military/security capability
What s the nature and source of power for Feminism
Power is exercised along gendered line, gender-diverse actors are under represented in positions of power in politics. Power comes from social/political/economic relations that are uneven and effect gender inequality
What is the nature and source of power for Postcolonialism IR
International order has been established through colonial power relations, these are historical and also ongoing. Power can come through economic power, cultural hegemony, using dependency mechanisms, and race even as a source of power
What is the nature and source of power for poststructuralist
powers productive more than merely repressive, power lies in the power/knowledge nexus. Source of power operates in and through discourse, embedded in language, binaries, and classifications; power located in both sovereign actors but also within social relations and discursive formations
What is the Nature and Source of Power for Constructivists
Power is social/ideational rather than purely material. Source of power lies in ability to influence other's’ beliefs, use shared ideas/norms to define political reality, and shape social structures of meaning
What is the nature and source of power for Marxism
power is material and structural, rooted in economic organization, modes of production, and class relations. Source of power is control over means of production and capital, within international system exists capitalist hierarchyWhat
what are the relevant units of power investigation for liberalism
states, international institutions (UN), international laws, human rights codes, individuals can be impactful as well
What are the relevant units of investigation of power for realism
States are key, domestic level actors only important for understanding state power, international orgs not important
What are the relevant units of investigation for Feminism IR
States are important, also more informal institutions like families, media, civil society but all units are gendered, important to focus on all different levels of analysis
What are the relevant units of investigation for Postcolonialism
States are important (but what makes a state), look at colonial relationships as investigation units, and race as a tool of powerW
What are the relevant units of investigation for post structuralists
discourses and their elements (languages/narratives/binaries/linkages that produce meanings, subject positions, the practices/processes of articulation and stabilization that fix or ‘naturalize’ meanings
What are the relevant units of investigation for Constructivists
Social actors as meaning makers, identities, norms, cultures that shape actors interests, and structures of shared knowledge (international norms, institutions) - these constitute both the actors and their interests
Relevant units of investigation for Marxism
Class structures, economic systems, modes of production (not just states), global capitalist system itself is a unit of analysis - relations between core, semi-periphery, and periphery, roles of transnational capitalist classes and international institutions (IMG, world bank)
What are the outcomes of power configurations for liberalists
nature of international order must be constructed by cooperative states, democrat decisions occur for collective security and prosperity, effective institutions will promote rule-based international order
Outcomes of power configurations for Realism
Nature of state power politics dictates the structure order of international, what security issues are prominent, leads to balance of power between states
What are the outcomes of power configurations for feminism IR
That the international system is gendered, that gender social relations both build international order and are affected by it
What are the outcomes of power configurations for postcolonialism
Western nations created poli/econ/environmental/social systems that benefit themselves and not an egalitarian international order, eg. unfair tax and trade that benefit global north at expense if global South
What are the outcomes of power configurations for poststructuralism
shapes understanding of realities and what counts as threat, or what diff identities are in global politics, delimitates what is sayable versus what is made invisible; this shapes foreign policy, resource allocation, military actions, normalize particular order as natural
What are the outcome of power configurations for constructivists
outcome depends on how meanings and norms are constructed and internalized, power configurations produce diff social order and understanding of appropriate behaviour. change occurs when shared meanings shift
Outcome of power configurations for Marxism
power configurations reproduce economic inequality and dependency, benefit capitalist core. International outcomes reflect dominant class - no neutral state competition or balance of power. change occurs through revolutionary transformation or system crisis that leads to potentially new mode of production.