Generic Amino Acids Notes

Nonpolar, aliphatic R groups (do not interact favorably with water and are often hydrophobic in nature. ) Hint: VIP GLAM

Valine-Val-V

Isoleucine-Ile-I

Proline-Pro-P

Glycine -Gly -G

Leucine-Leu-L

Alanine -Ala-A

Methionine-Met-M

Negatively charged R groups AKA Acidic Amino Acids

These R groups have a negative charge at physiological pH and are hydrophilic, often participating in ionic interactions. Hint: ED

Glutamate-Glu-E

Aspartate-Asp-D

Polar, uncharged R groups (C(U-Q)NTS)

(These R groups do not carry a charge but can form hydrogen bonds with water, enhancing solubility.)

Serine-Ser-S

Threonine-Thr-T

Cysteine-Cys-C

Asparagine-Asn-N

Glutamine-Gln-Q

Aromatic R groups

(These R groups contain aromatic rings and can participate in pi-stacking and hydrogen bonding.) hint:PTT

Phenylalanine-Phe-F

Tyrosine-Tyr-Y

Tryptophan-Trp-W

Positively charged R groups

(These R groups have a positive charge at physiological pH, are hydrophilic, and often participate in ionic interactions.) AKA Basic Amino Acids

Lysine-Lys-K

Arginine-Arg-R

Histidine-His-H

21st amino acid

Selenocysteine,

resembles Cysteine

Selenium replaces cysteines sulfur atom

Basic Amino Acids

Lysine-Lys-K

Arginine-Arg-R

Histidine-His-H

Acidic Amino Acids

Glutamic acid-Glu-E

Aspartic acid-Asp-D