CP - Cell Structures

nuclear envelope

double membrane perforated with pores that control the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus

nucleolus

found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes

ribosome

cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized

rough endoplasmic reticulum

an endomembrane system covered with ribosomes where many proteins for transport are assembled

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

an endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down

Golgi apparatus

a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport

large central vacuole

found in plants, this organelle stores water for the cell

vesicle

small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell

lysosome

cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell

cytoskeleton

a network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement

chlorophyll

a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria

mitochondria

an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur

phospholipid bilayer

a two-layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell membrane, the hydrophobic lipid ends facing inward and the hydrophilic phosphate ends facing outward

hydrophilic

having an attraction to water

hydrophobic

having an aversion to water

selectively permeable

property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot; also called semipermeable membrane