Homeostasis and Abiotic Factors

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards based on the lecture notes regarding homeostasis, abiotic factors, and the stages of cellular respiration.

pH

Determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions ($H^+$) and hydroxide ions ($OH^-$)

Cellular respiration

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen ($O_2$), also releases $CO_2$

Combustion

Burning fossil fuels in the carbon cycle

Photosynthesis

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy; removes $CO_2$ from the air

Cristae

Folds in the inner membrane of mitochondria

Mitochondria

Organelle that is the site of ATP production

ATP

Main energy source that cells use for most of their work

ADP

The compound that remains when a phosphate group is removed from ATP, releasing energy

H+ ions

Ions that cause substances to be acidic

Low pH

Acidic

High pH

Basic

CO2

Atmospheric form of carbon

Cytoplasm

Location of Glycolysis

Aerobic

Requires oxygen ($O_2$)

Anaerobic

Does not require oxygen ($O_2$)

Glycolysis goals

Break sugar, recharge ATP, collect $H^+$

Citric Acid Goals

Collect $H^+$, get rid of waste

Electron Transport Goals

Make ATP

Pyruvate

Half of a glucose molecule

Glycolysis uses

ATP + Glucose

Glycolysis makes

ATP + NADH + Pyruvate

Krebs needs

$O_2$ + pyruvate

Krebs makes

NADH + $CO_2$ + ATP

ETC uses

NADH + $O_2$ + ADP + P

ETC makes

ATP + NAD + $H_2O$

ATP Synthase

Enzyme that makes ATP from ADP + P

Oxygen

Picks up $H^+$ and $e^-$ at the end of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

NAD

The hydrogen carrier for respiration

Cellular Respiration (Definition 2)

Makes ATP from sugar and creates $CO_2$

Decomposition

Breaking down dead things, releases $CO_2$