Newborn Care

Moulding

Elongation of baby’s head after birth (usually vaginal). should return to normal shape by end of first week

Prematurity

#1 cause of death in infants

Apnea

Any pause in breathing that lasts longer than 20 seconds

Bradycardia

Slowed heart rate of few than 80 beats per minute

Fontanels

Soft spots on babies head

Jaundice

Yellowing of newborns skin caused by the natural response of the baby eliminating excess blood cells

Preeclampsia

A complication in pregnancy marked by high blood pressure & signs of organ failure - usually occurs after 20 weeks

Vernix

White, greasy, cheese-like substance that covers babies skin after birth. (No need to remove)

Lanugo

Soft hair on babies body. More noticeable in premature babies

Milia

Tiny, white, hard spots on newborns nose, chin, or forehead. They will Disappear on their own

Stork bites

Small pink or red patches on baby’s eyelids, between eyes, upper lip, and back of neck

Concentration of Immature blood vessels and may be most visible when baby is crying

What causes stork bites?

Mongolian Spots

Blue or purple-colored splotches on baby’s lower back and butts. Occur in all dark-skinned babies

First four years of life

How long do Mongolian spots last?

Erythemia Toxicum (flea bites)

Red rash on newborns - disappears by itself in a few days

50%

What percentage of babies experience Erythema Toxicum flea bites)?

Hemangioma (strawberry)

Bright or dark red, raised or swollen, bumpy area that looks like a strawberry

9-10 years

How long to nearly all strawberry hemangioma’s last?

Port wine stain

Flat, pink, or purple birthmark that usually occurs on the head or neck

Concentration of Tiny blood vessels (Capillaries)

What causes port wine stains?

True

True or false? Port wine stains don’t change color and do not disappear over time

Newborn Breast Swelling

breast enlargement of baby due to mothers hormones

False - this can cause infection and the swelling will disappear on its own

You should massage or squeeze a newborns swollen breasts to make them drain faster

Witches Milk

Milky substance that may leak from baby’s nipples when experiencing breast swelling

Epstein’s Pearls

Milia that occurs in the baby’s mouth

Sucking blisters

Shallow erosions present at birth and seen on fingers, wrists, lips, or forearms

Topical antibiotic and dressing

How to treat sucking blisters

Cutis Marmorta (Mottling)

Purple or purple red mottling of the skin - Indication that infant is cold

True

True or false? It is normal for your newborn to experience skin peeling

Periodic breathing

Unusual pattern of babies while they sleep

Immature respiratory system

What causes periodic breathing?

Rapid breathing

Baby cannot catch breath (more than 70/min) and stays up

Persistent grunting

Grunting at the end of each breath that can indicate a blocked airway

Flaring nostrils

Showing baby is working too hard to get air

8-10 inches

How far can a baby see for the first 3 months of life?

How to tell if sound is hurting baby’s hearing

If you can talk easily over the sound, it shouldn’t harm the baby’s hearing

True

True or false? Port mine stains by become darker and bleed as they get older

Moro Reflex

Reaction to loud noises or sudden movements. Baby will react as if they are falling

2-6 months

How long does the Moro reflex last?

Rooting

Stroking the corner of babies mouth will cause them to turn their head looking for a nipple

1-4 months

How long does rooting last?

Tonic Neck/Fencing reflex

While lying on their back, a baby will turn to one side and the arm on the other side will straighten while the other bends

Plantar or Babinski Grasp

When the babies foot is stroked, it will fan outward

9-12 months

How long does the plantar/babinski grasp last?

Extrusion reflex

When food is placed on baby’s tongue, they push it forward and out of their mouth

True

True or false? Solid foods should not be started until extrusion reflex disappears

False - wait until line is fully blue

True or false? You should change your newborns diaper as soon as there is a little pee and the line turns blue

When to go up a diaper size

• urine soaking through back of baby’s clothing

• baby is having multiple blowouts

• diaper is leaving red marks around baby’s legs and belly

Sponge bath

Type of bath to give baby before umbilical cord falls off

First 6 months

How long to keep baby out of sun as much as possible

What baby should wear below 70°

Two more layers than what adults wear

What babies should wear 70°-75°

One more layer than we wear

What babies should wear 75°-80°

Diaper, tee, swaddle blanket

What babies should wear over 80°

Tee and diaper OR diaper and thin cotton swaddle

Meconium

The first bowel movement first passed by a newborn

Often as 1-3 hours or 4-6 times a day

How often does a baby urinate?

Breastfeed Bowel Movements

Poop resembles light mustard with seed-like particles

Formula-Fed Bowel Movements

Poop that is tan, green, or yellow. Firm but no firmer than peanut butter

Can be as common as once a day or few times a week

How often should breastfed babies have a bowel movement?

At least one a day

How often should formula-fed babies poop?

False

True or false? A baby’s skin needs lotion

Swaddling, side/stomach position, swinging, sucking, shushing

5 S’s for soothing a fussy baby

Do not fill up the tub

when giving a baby a sponge bath, how much water should you put in the tub?

1-2 inches

When giving a standard bath, how much water should you put in the tub?

Before 37 weeks of pregnancy

A birth is considered “preterm” which a child is born ______

50%

what percentage of twins are born pre-term?

90%

What percentage of triplets are born pre-term?

Micro-preemie

Infant born before 26 weeks

Very premature

Term used for infant born between 27-30 weeks

Moderately preterm

Term used for babies who are born between 31-34 weeks

Late preterm