biology unit 5 cell and transport reveiw

active transport

the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy

aquaporins

water channel proteins

Carbohydrates

Broken down to glucose to provide energy.

cell membrane

A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.

cell transport

The process of moving material in and out of cells.

cell wall

A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.

diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

endocytosis

process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane

exocytosis

Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material

facilitated diffusion

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels

Fluid Mosaic Model

model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane

lipid bilayer

double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes

osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

passive transport

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

proteins

Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues

receptor

protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response

selectively permeable

a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot

solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

solvent

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

Embedded in the membrane, attached to proteins

Where are the carbohydrates in the cell membrane?

hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head

What are the two areas of a lipid molecule?

Maintaining Homeostasis

Why do cells regulate what passes through the cell membrane?

particles of a solution will continue to move across the membrane in both directions

What happens when equilibrium is reached?

act as hydrophilic tunnels across the cell membrane, allowing specific molecules to pass through

What role do protein channels have in facilitated diffusion

uses energy, in the form of ATP, to move molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

what is the role of protein pumps in active transport

Hydrophobic tail

Water fearing

Hydrophilic head

water loving

A membrane protein, specifically a transport protein, that has a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or atomic ions use as a tunnel.

channel protein

a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes

phospholipid

diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

What are the three types of passive transport?