HHS4U Final Exam Review

b

In the Australian penis study, the researchers were able to find the maximum penis size that women found attractive.

a) True

b) False

b

Heterosexual women are attracted to tall and short men with a large phallus equally.

a) True

b) False

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a

The molecule oxytocin initiates uterine contractions during mammalian birth and milk flow during breastfeeding.

a) True

b) False

a

The molecule oxytocin makes people care about their romantic partners, their kids, and their pets.

a) True

b) False

a

Touching, dancing, praying and even a simple gesture of trust from another person can cause the brain to synthesize oxytocin.

a) True

b) False

b

According to the article, "Why Love Sometimes Sucks", humans have promiscuous brains but monogamous genitals.

a) True

b) False

a

The 5% of the human population that has a dysfunctional oxytocin system tend to be very promiscuous and they have little empathy for others.

a) True

b) False

b

Only men have dysfunctional oxytocin systems.

a) True

b) False

a

Women on average release more oxytocin than men do and consequently they are more generous, more trustworthy, and more empathic.

a) True

b) False

b

When women ovulate, they become more connected to their partner and less likely to have extra-marital affairs.

a) True

b) False

b

Which molecule acts as an oxytocin inhibitor?

a. estrogen

b. testosterone

c. caffeine

d. progesterone

b

A greater exposure to testosterone in utero leads to a hand that has a relatively longer index finger (pointer finger).

a) True

b) False

a

If you were wanting to marry someone that was extroverted, physically strong, willing to take risks, and aggressive, you might want to pick someone that has ...

a. a relatively short index finger

b. a relatively short ring finger

a

If you wanted to avoid marrying someone that has a greater liklihood of being poorer, losing their job, and dieing earlier then you would want to avoid people with ...

a. a relatively short index finger

b. a relatively short ringer finger

b

If the male sex was the one that got pregnant then they still would not have paternal certainty.

a) True

b) False

b

The Standard Social Science Model has four tenets. One of these tenets or principles is that human nature or the human mind is "tabula rasa". This means that the mind is ....

a. hard-wired and preprogrammed with a great number of instincts.

b. a blank slate with very few if any instincts

c. waiting for environmental stimulation to awaken preprogrammed instincts

d. is much like any other animals and provides us at birth with our human nature

b

The Standard Social Science Model consists of four principles or tenets. Which of the following IS NOT part of this model?

a. Humans are except from biology

b. Evolution stopped around 10 000 years ago for humans

c. Evolution stops at the neck

d. Human behaviour is a product almost entirely of environment and socialization.

d

The phrase, "human nature" for an evolutionary psychologist refers to ...

a. a series of fixed action patterns that humans display when corrected stimulated

b. a collection of components called evolved psychological action patterns

c. a collection of instincts that we share with other primates like the Bonobos

d. a collection of components called psychological adaptations

a

What percentage of the female population in the U.S.A. are cuckolded?

a. 0%

b. 13 - 20 %

c. 9 - 17%

d. 20%

d

Which of the following tenets of Evolutionary Psychology is incorrect?

a. People are animals

b. There is nothing special about the human brain

c. Human nature is innate

d. Human behaviour is the product of both innate human nature and genetics

b

Men and women display jealousy in romantic relationships. Research has shown however that males and females become jealous for slightly different reasons. What is the difference between the sexes when it comes to jealousy?

a. Females tend to be jealous of younger women whereas age does not matter to males.

b. Men become jealous when they suspect sexual infidelity whereas females become jealous when they suspect that their mate is emotionally involved with another

c. Men become more jealous as they age whereas women become less jealous as they approach menopause.

d. Females get more jealous as they near the point of ovulation whereas males display a constant level of jealousy.

d

Which of the following chemicals causes you to experience STRESS!

a. dopamine

b. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

c. endocannabinoids

d. Cortisol

a

You experience FOMO, an increase in H.R., and B.P. after being without your phone for 24 hours.

a) True

b) False

a

You experience a decrease in anxiety and depression after being without your phone for 14 days.

a) True

b) False

a

You begin to experience improved sleep after being without your phone for one week.

a) True

b) False

a

You begin to experience an improvement in your cognitive (thinking) abilities after being without your phone for 5-7 days.

a) True

b) False

a

Your body begins to release cortisol 12 hours after you lose contact with your phone.

a) True

b) False

c

Stability in a relationship is achieved when the costs and benefits of being in the relationship are balanced.

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

c

Emphasizes the importance of reciprocity (the practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit) in everyday life and how human interaction is a form of exchange.

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

g

Individuals change and develop when they face a new set of role expectations (when they become parents).

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

a

Human nature is composed of a series of evolved psychological mechanisms (E.P.A.'s)

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

f

Men and women tend to have problems in their relationships because they give different meanings to actions and words.

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

h

Emile Durkheim's writings form the basis of this perspective.

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

d

Members of a family inform one another how to interact so that stability within the family can be maintained or regained

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

a

Behaviour that was adaptive on the savannah in the past is often maladaptive in our modern environment.

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

c

Although norms govern people's behaviour, people attempt to maximize their rewards and minimize their costs.

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

a

Moralistic fallacy and the Naturalistic fallacy are things to consider when examining this perspective.

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

b

Women's experiences have not been considered and legitimized in family research and theory.

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

h

Societies run smoothly when individuals behave according to their specific roles which they learn about through the process of socialization

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

h

Sees society as an organism and the various institutions as the organs within the organism all working together to maintain equilibrium.

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

f

A psychological theory that began with the German sociologist and economist Max Weber and the American philosopher George H. Mead.

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

e

Assumes that POWER, not functional dependence, holds a society together.

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

d

A change in one member of the family affects all the other members of the family.

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

f

How people define and interpret their reality shapes their behaviour.

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

c

Relationships are entered into and sustained voluntarily only if they are satisfactory in terms of benefits and costs.

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

b

Critical of the institution of patriarchy.

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

f

The impression you form of yourself is influenced by the way you perceive yourself as being seen by others.

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

b

Tends to study social interaction through participant- observation, rather than surveys and interviews.

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

h

This framework dominated family studies from 1940 to 1965.

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

e

Life is characterized by conflict rather than consensus

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

c

To determine the net costs and rewards, you need to consider the personal qualities of the members of the relationship and the degree of support.

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

a

This theory flies in the face of the standard social science model and goes against everything that environmental determinists believe to be true.

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

d

Assumes all families strive to achieve homeostasis (the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements).

a. Evolutionary Psychology

b. Feminism

c. Exchange theory

d. Systems theory

e. Conflict (Neo-Marxism)

f. Symbolic Interactionism

g. Life-Course Approach

h. Functionalism

serial monogamy

Having one spouse at a time but several over a lifetime is known as _________________ ________________________.

limerance

The emotional bliss of love is called ___________________________.

Negotiation

________________________________ is the process of conferring with someone in order to reach an agreement.

marital system

A couple's system for resolving problems is known as a _____________________ ________________________.

principle of least interest

The ____________________________ ___ __________________ ______________________ states that the person who has the least commitment to the relationship has the most power.

peer marriage

In _____________ _____________________, each partner is equally responsible for financial and household duties, and each person's work is given equal importance, regardless of income.

adaptive behaviours

Evolutionary psychologists often discuss __________________________ _______________________ that enable individuals to compete for limited resources in order to survive and reproduce.

Anecdotal evidence

_______________________ _____________________ that one gets from an open ended interview can be used to create a case study to illustrate a concept such as mate selection.

companionate relationship

In the past, marriage was more about parenthood whereas today the new norm is the ____________________________ ___________________________. Modern men and women are after relationships that are based upon friendship, caring and support.

Conflict

_______________________ is a natural part of a marriage since both parties in a relationship will often have competing interests.

Courtship

_____________________ is found in societies that allow free-choice mate selection.

egalitarian marriages

Truly ____________________ ____________________________ are also known as peer marriages. They are still uncommon because society provides little support for couples that are not organized on traditional roles.

evolutionary psychology

If you make the claim that people choose mates based upon whether or not they possess traits that will assist in producing and raising children, then your views are in line with ________________________ ______________________________.

free-choice mate selection

Cultures that are collectivist or based upon a duty-based moral code often do not permit ____________________ __________ ________________________. Often marriages are arranged.

Hooking up

___________________ _____ is a new term to describe what older generations would consider a one-night stand.

metastudy

A _________________________ is a fair undertaking. It involves comparing and analyzing the results and conclusions of previous research on a certain topic.

Social homogamy

___________ ______________ includes sameness in factors such as race, religion, age, socio-economic status, political views, and ethnic background.

ideal mate theory

The __________________ _________ _______________________attempts to explain attraction from a symbolic interactionist perspective. It suggests that people have an unconscious image of a model partner.

Murstein's filter theory

___________________ _______________________ _____________________ illustrates how a person will screen out unacceptable marriage partners using various criteria.

Murstein's market experience perspective

According to _____________________ ___________________ _________________________ __________________________, dating allowed young people to learn to relate to the opposite sex and to judge character so they could figure out what qualities they wanted in a potential spouse.

script theory

According to __________________ _________________ people follow a defined sort of playbook when it comes to dating.

theory of natural selection

The ________________ ____ ________________________ _________________________ is a framework that is used in both biology and anthropology to better understand human behavior.

Matrilocal

______________________________ means living near the female's side of the family.

Patrilocal

______________________________ means living near the male's side of the family.

matrilineal

The practice of tracing a family's line (heritage) through the woman's family was known as a _________________________ system.

patrilineal

The practice of tracing a family's line (heritage) through the man's family was known as a _________________________ system.

same-sex relationships

________________ ________________________________ have always existed in Canada but up until 2005 people in these relationships could not legally get married.

trends

One of the common ____________________ today is for young people to cohabitate instead of getting married.

adultery

Prior to 1968, the most common reason for granting a divorce was _________________________.

Cohabitation

______________________________ is often the choice of men who do not have a stable job and believe they cannot afford to marry

conjugal union

A sexual relationship is also known as a _____________________ ___________________.

marriage

A socially legitimate sexual union of permanence is known as _______________________.

pair-bond

According to Helen Fisher, the durability of the _________________ is essential to the survival of the human species.

polyandry

A woman having more than one husband at a time is called _______________________________.

polygyny

A man having more than one wife at a time is called _______________________________.

bride price

The ________________ ___________________ is a payment by the groom's family for the bride's value as a potential mother.

betrothal

A promise or commitment to marry someone is known as a ______________________.

dower rights

A bride's right to her husband's property and support is called __________________ _________________.

banns

A public announcement of marriage is known as _________________.

marriage contract

A record of a husband and wife's mutual obligations is also known as a ____________________ _________________________.

dowry

Money, household items, or land brought by the bride to her marriage is called a ____________________.

companionate marriage

A marriage based on a shared lifestyle is called a ___________________________ _________________________.

egalitarian relationship

In an ___________________________ ________________________________ men and women share responsibilities.

expressive role

Traditionally women have played an ____________________________ ______________ in relationships because they provide emotional support for their families.