Alevel Biology Unit 1 Cell Structure and Function

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/69

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Information regarding in depth structure and function of cell organelles. Basics of bacteria and virus. According to 2025 -2027 A level Biology

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

70 Terms

1
New cards

Cell

Basic structural and functional unit of all living things

2
New cards

Two Types of Cell

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

3
New cards

Size of prokaryotic cell

1-5umin diameter, typically smaller than eukaryotic cells.

4
New cards

Size of animal cell

20um

5
New cards

Size of plant cell

40 um to 100 um in diameter, generally larger than animal cells.

6
New cards

Prokaryotic cells always have a cell wall made of ——————-.

peptidoglycan.

7
New cards

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes divide by different mechanisms called

Eukaryotes by mitosis and prokaryotes by binary fission.

8
New cards

What is the organelle that all eukaryotes have but prokaryotes do not?

Nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Like Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body and mitochondria

9
New cards

What are the structures found in all Bacteria?

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, 70s ribosomes, and circular DNA

10
New cards

What the structures found in some bacteria but not all?

Pili or Fimbriae, flagella, plasmids, cell wall, and slim capsule

11
New cards

Cell wall of bacteria is made of——————.

Murein

12
New cards

Circular DNA

Double stranded DNA joined at ends to create a loop usually found in prokaryotes.

13
New cards

Plasmids

Small Circular DNA molecules which have genes for anti-biotic resistance

14
New cards

Pilli or Fimbriae

Help with attachment to surfaces and other cells. Also help in Reproduction.

15
New cards

Virus

Non cellular structure with a nucleic acid core

16
New cards

Viruses have a protein coat made of ————————.

Capsid which has subunits capsomeres.

17
New cards

Outer envelope of some viruses is made of?

Phospholipids

18
New cards

Liquid substance in a cell is called

Cytosol

19
New cards

Double membrane organelles

Nucleus, chloroplast, Mitochondria

20
New cards

Single membrane organelles

Sap Vacuole, Golgi Body, Endoplasmic reticulum

21
New cards

Substances leaving the nucleus from the nuclear pore

mRNA and Ribosomes

22
New cards

Substances entering Nucleus from Cytoplasm

Proteins to make:

1) Ribosomes

2)Nucleotides

3)ATP

4) Hormones like Thyroid Hormone T3.

23
New cards

Chromosomes

Contain DNA which is organized into functional units called genes that control the activity of the cell and inheritance

24
New cards

Site of protein synthesis

Ribosomes and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

25
New cards

Site of transcription and mRNA production

Nucleus

26
New cards

Site of ribosomal synthesis

Nucleolus (inside the nucleus)

27
New cards

Chromatin

DNA and its associated proteins

28
New cards

Size of cell wall, cell membrane and nucleus

2um,7nm,7um respectively

29
New cards

Endoplasmic Reticulum form —————— compartments called, ————-.

flattened, sacs

30
New cards

Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ——————- but Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum does not.

Ribosomes.

31
New cards

70s Ribosomes are found in all prokaryotes and in ————————- and ————————- of eukariyotes.

Mitochondria and Chloroplast

32
New cards

Ribosomes made of two subunits called

large subunit and small subunit

33
New cards

Size of 70s and 80s ribosomes

18nm and 22nm respectively

34
New cards

Function of Rough endoplasmic Reticulum VS Function of Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

RER = Site of protein synthesis and protein modification

SER = site for lipid and cholesterol synthesis

35
New cards

Euchromatin

loosely packed form of DNA and transcriptionally active (lightly stained under microscope)

36
New cards

Heterochromatin

Tightly packed form of DNA Transcriptionally inactive. (Deeply stained under microscope.)

37
New cards

Golgi boby

Stack of flattened sacs.

38
New cards

Golgi body formed by?

Transportation vesicles from RER on cis face

39
New cards

Golgi Body broken down to form?

Secretory vesicles and lysosomes on trans face

40
New cards

4 major roles of Golgi Body

Hint: ( Mia Paid For the Frogs:))

1) Modification of proteins and lipids. (like addition of phosphate group)

2) Packaging molecules into vesicles for transport

3) Formation of secretory vesicles to transport protein out of cell

4) Formation of lysosomes

41
New cards

Which amino acid is removed in golgi body from newly formed proteins to make them functional?

The first amino acid …… methioene

42
New cards

Role of golgi body in plants

converts sugar into cell wall components

43
New cards

Size of golgi body

7nm each cisterna

44
New cards

Size of Lysosome

1um

45
New cards

Lysosomes are ———— membraned, ——————sacs containing ———————- enzymes that work in —————- conditions. Example of these is ———————— present in sperms.

single, spherical, hydrolytic, acidic, acrosomes.

46
New cards

In ———————-, lysosomes digest bacteria in a process known as———————-.

White blood cells, Phagocytosis

47
New cards

Site of synthesize of ATP

Mitochondria

48
New cards

Mitochondria divides by —————.

Binary fission

49
New cards

A mitochondria’s inner fold form finger like projections called ————— which project into interior solution called ——————.

cristae, matrix

50
New cards

outer membrane of mitochondria has transport protein called————.

Porin

51
New cards

inner membrane of mitochondria has more ——————- barrier

selective

52
New cards

where does respiration occur and what is supplied to the reaction?

matrix solution and inner cristae. Hydrogen electrons with help of enzymes supplied.

53
New cards

Energy is released by breaking ATP into ————- in a —————- reaction. This is then —————- in the mitochondria to form ATP during ———————.

ADP, hydrolysis, recycled, respiration

54
New cards

cell surface membrane has a ——————————— appearance

Trilaminar

55
New cards

Light Dependent reaction in chloroplast and its location

Light energy absorbed and water is used to synthesize ATP.

occurs in thylakoid

56
New cards

Light Independent reactions in chloroplast and location

ATP used to covert Co2 into glucose also called co2 fixation. occurs in Stroma.

57
New cards

Arrange in proper order lamella, grana, and thylakoid

Lamella- single membrane in chloroplast

Thylakoid- fold in membrane

Granna- stack of folds in membrane

58
New cards

Microtubules are made of a protein called —————-. which has two types —————- and ———— tubulin. These two join together to form a —————. These join together end to end to form a long —————————-. ———- of this line up to form a ring.

Tubulin, Alpha, Beta, dimer, protofilament, 13

59
New cards

microtubules are the ———————— transport system as vesicles and organelles can move along their surface.

intracellular

60
New cards

microtubules form —————- in cell division to separate chromosomes and—————.

spindle fibres, centrioles

61
New cards

Microtubules along with ——————- filament form the cells ————.

Actin, cytoskeleton

62
New cards

Centrioles are ————- from most plant cells

absent

63
New cards

A centriole has a ————- centre and is made of ———————————— of microtubules.

hollow, nine triplets

64
New cards

microtubules for spindle formation are assembled by ——————-.

centrosomes

65
New cards

centrioles found at the base of cilia and ——————- known as ———————— extend microtubules which is vital for locomotion.

flagella basal bodies

66
New cards

Middle lamella contains substances like ——————— that glue substances to glue cells together.

pectin

67
New cards

Role of sap vacuole

1) support through turgor pressure

2)Lysosomal activity (contains hydrolytic enzymes)

3)Store nutrients

4)Store waste material

5)contains pigments

6) contain latex or calcium oxalate to avoid herbivores

68
New cards

Axoneme

cylinder of microtubules arranged in 9+2 arrangement

69
New cards

Nine—————- of microtubules make wall of axoneme present in cilia and flagella. Each duplet is made of two microtubules A and B. Microtubule A has complete ——— protofilaments while B is in complete and has ————- protofilaments.

duplet, 13, 10

70
New cards

When centrifuged in what order do organelles sediment?

nuceus——Chloroplast———-Mitochondria———RER—-Plasma membrane—-Ribosomes