Adolescence Chapter 10: Intimacy

intimacy

refers to the development of relationships characterized by self-disclosure, trust, and concern ("caring," "daring," and "sharing." Individuals can be intimate without being sexual.

the psychosocial domain concerning the formation maintenance, and termination of close relationships.

psychological and physical disorders

people who have others to turn to for emotional support are less likely to suffer from.....

concrete

games and shared activities

children friendships are built are very _________, built around ________ and_______________

sorts of bonds that form between people who care about and understand each other in a special way

teenager friendships are more likekly to have a strong emotional foundation and are built on?

romantic relationships

changes in sexual impulses at puberty provoke interest in sex, which leads to the development of.......

Sullivan's Theory of Interpersonal Development:

Sullivan emphasized the social aspects of growth and his theory focuses on transformations in the adolescent's relationship with others. According to Sullivan, different needs surface that lead either to feelings of security or feelings of anxiety. Sullivan charted a developmental progression of needs. During preadolescence, the need for intimacy emerges and is typically satisfied through same-sex friendships and close platonic (nonsexual) relationships. During adolescence, this need is integrated with sexual impulses and desires, and the focus of the adolescents' interpersonal concerns is redirected toward opposite-sex peers. In late adolescence, the need for integration into adult society emerges and is reminiscent of the identity crisis described by Erikson.

need for intimacy

according to Sullivan, the chief interpersonal need of preadolescence

need for sexual contact

according to Sullivan, one of the two chief interpersonal needs of early adolescence

need for intimacy with a peer of the opposite sex

according to Sullivan, one of the two chief interpersonal needs of early adolescence

need for integration into adult society

according to Sullivan, the chief need of late adolescence

platonic relationships

nonsexual relationships with individuals who might otherwise be romantic partners

***nonsexual relationships with other sex peers or may have sexual relationships with peers without getting very intimate with their sex partner.

EX: type of friendship shared by a man and a woman who are married to other people.

intimacy versus isolation

according to Erikson, the normative crisis characteristic of the sixth stage of psychosocial development, predominant during young adulthood

pseudointimacy

superficial intimacy characteristic of relationships between individuals who are not emotionally mature

what are the 4 types of infant attachment?

attachment

a strong affectional bond that develops between an infant and a caregiverterm-28

secure attachment

a healthy attachment between infant and caregiver, characterized by trust

EX: A stranger, confederate, joined the mother and infant. After a set time had passed, the mother would leave the room, leaving her child with the stranger. The children with a secure attachment to their mother would cry for a few minutes but were able to compose themselves and play with the toys.

anxious-avoidant attachment

an insecure attachment between infant and caregiver, characterized by indifference on the part of the infant toward the caregiver

EX: Infant will avoid or ignore the caregiver - showing little emotion when the caregiver departs or returns. The child will not explore very much regardless of who is there

anxious-resistant attachment

an insecure attachment between infant and caregiver, characterized by distress at seperation and anger at reunion

ot picking up a crying baby to avoid "spoiling" the child may actually lead to the development of anxious attachment toward the caregiver. Inconsistent behaviors by a parent or caregiver can cause a child to become confused and insecure since they don't know what behavior to expect.

. For example, not picking up a crying baby to avoid "spoiling" the child may actually lead to the development of anxious attachment toward the caregiver.

disorganized attachment

a relationship between infant and caregiver characterized by the absence of normal attachment behavior

**Disorganized attachment develops from a parent's consistent failure to respond appropriately to their child's distress, or by a parent's inconsistent response to their child's feelings of fear or distress. For example, a child might be distressed to be left with a new babysitter or unfamiliar caregiver.

internal working model

the implicit model of the interpersonal relationships that an individual employs throughout life, believed to be shaped by early attachment experiences

-SET OF BELIEFS AND EXPECTATIONS PEOPLE DRAW ON IN FORMING CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHERS- WHETHER THEY GO INTO A RELSTIONSHIP EXPECTING ACCEPTANCE OR ANTICIPATING REJECTION

EX:

- a parent rejecting the child's need for care conveys that close relationships should be avoided in general, resulting in maladaptive attachment styles.

- individual who enjoyed who enjoyed a secure attachment relationship during infancy will have a more positive and healthy interal working model of relationships during adolesences, whereas indivduals who were increasingly attached as infants will have a less positive one

rejection sensitivity

heightened vulnerability to being rejected by others


EX: When friends don't respond to a text message right away, a rejection-sensitive individual might think, "They no longer want to be friends with me." Whereas someone without rejection sensitivity might be more likely to assume the friend is just too busy to reply.

adult attachment interview

a structured interview used to assess an individual's past attachment history and "internal working model" of relationships

interview focuses on individuals recollections of their early attachment experiences and obtains information on the ways in which individuals recounts his or her childhood history


Interviewer:Could you tell me five adjectives that describe your childhood relationship with your mother?

Mother:Oh, I don't know. I guess she was normal, she was fine. I guess she was loving. She was practical and a good teacher

.Interviewer:Could you give me an example for each of those words?Mother:Well, you know, she was always there. I don't remember any problems or like anything that was really wrong. She was a good teacher—she always wanted to make sure we got good grades.

Interviewer: Could you tell me five adjectives that describe your childhood relationship with your mother?

Mother:Hmm, that's a little complicated. My mother was very warm and very loving but she could also be controlling. So we had a very close relationship but it was also conflictual at times, especially when I was a teenager.

Interviewer:Could you give me an example for each of those words?

Mother:I remember a lot of affection. I remember curling up with her on the couch in the evenings, watching TV. But I also remember getting in fights with her, more when I was older, when I wanted to go out with my friends. She would insist that I be home earlier than any of my friends had to. Hmm, maybe she was just being responsible, but at the time I thought she was unreasonable.

Interviewer:Could you tell me five adjectives that describe your childhood relationship with your mother?Mother:It was loving, absolutely, so loving. She was wonderful, fabulous. But you know, sometimes she was really selfish, totally insensitive, like only out for he

co-rumination

excessive talking with another about problems

EX: Consist of a pair of friends repeatedly discussing a quarrel with a boyfriend or girlfriend, including framing the problem from every point of view, brooding on the negative consequences and emotions generated by the event, and actively inciting one another to continue the discussion.

reaffiliation motive

the normal and adaptive motivation that most of us have, which prompts us to reconnect with others when we feel lonely

homophobia

the unwarranted fear of homosexuals or homosexuality

social support

the extent to which an individual receives emotional or instrumental assistance from his or her social network

LGBTQ youth

Adolescents that define their sexual orientation or gender identity as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or questioning, sometimes referred to as sexual-minority youth

sexual-minority youth

lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning
(LGBTQ) youth

young people who experience same-sex attractions and for whom the question of personal sexual identity is often confusing and painful