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MEG
Brain imaging technique that measures magnetic fields from the brain's electrical activity.
CT scan
Series of X-ray photographs combined by computer to create a composite representation of a brain slice's structure.
PET scan
Visual display of brain activity using a radioactive form of glucose.
MRI
Technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create computer-generated images of soft tissue.
fMRI
Technique for revealing blood flow and brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans.
Brainstem
the central core of the brain responsible for autonomic functions.
Medulla
Base of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing.
Thalamus
Brain's sensory control center located at the top of the brainstem.
Pons
Connects upper and lower parts of the brain, involved in facial expressions, sleeping, and dreaming.
Reticular formation
Nerve network that controls arousal and ability to focus attention.
Cerebellum
Processes sensory input, coordinates movement, and enables nonverbal learning and memory.
Limbic system
Located below the cerebral hemispheres, associated with emotions and drives.
Amygdala
Neural clusters linked to fear and emotions.
Hypothalamus
Pea-sized structure that directs maintenance activities, governs the endocrine system, and serves as the reward center.
Hippocampus
Neural center involved in memory processing.
Cerebral cortex
Divided into eight lobes, responsible for higher brain functions.
Frontal lobe
Involved in speaking, muscle movements, making plans and judgments, behavioral control, and personality.
Parietal lobe
Receives sensory input for touch and body position, involved in perception and arithmetic.
Occipital lobe
Receives visual information from the visual fields.
Temporal lobe
Includes auditory areas and is involved in memory, understanding, and language.
Association areas
Areas of the cerebral cortex involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, and thinking.
Motor cortex
Controls voluntary movements.
Sensory cortex
Registers and processes touch and movement sensations.
Neuroplasticity
Brain's ability to change and reorganize after damage or based on experience.
Neurogenesis
Brain's ability to generate new neurons.
Corpus callosum
Structure that attaches the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex.
Consciousness
Subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment.
Dual processing
Information processing that occurs on separate conscious and unconscious tracks.
Blindsight
Ability to respond to visual stimuli without conscious awareness.
Parallel processing
Simultaneous processing of multiple aspects of a problem or learned concepts.
Sequential processing
Processing one aspect of a problem at a time, best for solving new problems.
Multitasking
Serial tasking that involves jumping from one task to another, inefficient for focused attention.
