Ch3/4

Persian Empire leaders

Darius and Cyrus

Persian Empire inspired by

Achaemenid Dynasty

Persian God

Ahura Mazda

Satraps

Governers who were internal spies

Susa and Perspolis

Imperial centers reflecting wealth

Sparta

Greek city known for its military discipline, conquered people in slave like conditions

Council of elders

28 men over the age of 60, usually rich, served for life. Provided political leadership for Sparta

Leader of Athens 594 BCE

Solon

What did Solon do

Pushed Athens to a more democratic

Ionia

Greek settlement

Western World View Persia

Represented Asia and Depotism

Western World View Greece

Represented Europe and Freedom

civil war with ionia

peloponnesian war (Sparta won, Athens lost)

Macedonia leader

Phillip II

Macedonia

took over Greeks, united the cities

“King of Asia”

Alexander

Hellenistic era

Spread of Greek culture due to Alexanders conquests

Alexandria

in Egypt, largest city which was an outcome of the Hellenistic era

Menander

Greek king who converted to Buddhism

End of hellsenic era led to

decrease in greek influence

Rome

A weak city which became a huge imperial state

Punic war led

Romans to control western Meditarian

Common Era Rome Women

lower class women had more freedoms than rich women, but rich women had protections from their husbands.

Augustus

Disguised empire provided prosperity

Augustus is referred to as

“first man“

First civilizations under China

Xia Shang and Zhou

Xia Shang and Zhou had

crumbling states

Qin Shihuangdi means

“first emperor”

Great wall of China

to keep northern barbarians out

Qin dynasty collapsed due to

harshness of Shihuangdi

Han Dynasty

Not as harsh as Qin dynasty

Han Dynasty established

political patterns still present

China emperors called themselves

Sons of Heaven

Sui dynasty emperor Wendi

supported Buddhism

To china language was a

tool for assimilation

Rome East

Byzantine

Rome West

Collapsed

Aryans

Pastoral Indo-European people who were thought to destroy Indus Valley and make a new civilization along the Ganga

Mauryan empire

best known for emperor Ashoka

Ashhoka

Emperor of Mauryan empire, inscribed his thoughts in stone.

Arthashastra

book telling how a king should rule

Gupta empire

post Ashoka death

untouchables

carried bells to signal higher classes of their presence

Chinese teachings confucius, and laozi

confucianism and Daoism

Written Upanishads

Hinduism

Siddartha Gautama

Buddhism

Middle East Zarathustra

Zoroastrian

Israel Judiasm

by prophets

Legalism

Punishment and Rewards

Confucian

Morals, education, Golden Age

Analects

book written by confucius

Ban Zhou

advocated women’s education so they could better provide for their husbands

Daoist

explained by Zhuangzi, not fans of education, connect with nature, yin and yang

Yellow Turban Rebellion

on the basis of Daoism, wishes for a utopian society, no gov

vedas

sacred south indian texts compiled by priests

Panishads

idea of Brahman, divine reality infused in everything

Moksha

liberation, hinduism

Samsara

many lifetimes

Laws of Manu

control gender systems of India, child weddings

Kamasutra

sex was supposed to be pleasurable for all, this book detailed positions

Siddartha Guatama founded

Buddhism

Dukkha

expiriencing life as imperfect due to your desires

Nirvana

where you lack greed, hatred

Buddhism written in

Pali, not Sanskript like hinduism making it more accessible.

Mahayana

saying you can get help to attain Nirvana

bodhisattva

spiritually developed people who post pone their Nirvana to help others.

Bhagvad Gita

promise that even ordinary people can achieve spiritual fulfillment

One god religions

Zoroastrianism and Judaism

Zoroastrian god

Ahura Mazda

Zoroastrian evil forces

Ahara Mainyu

Judaism

Hebrews

Judaism God

Yahwen

Judaism book

Genesis

Greek religion

No lasting traditions (Mount olympus)

Pope Gelaisus

Men at Jesus alters not women