Psychology Curriculum Vocabulary Flashcards

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on Unit 1 and Unit 2 Psychology Curriculum outcomes.

Materialist Approach

An approach to the mind-versus-body problem referenced in historical psychology, associated with Claudius Galen.

Dualistic Approach

An approach to the mind-versus-body problem referenced in historical psychology, associated with René Descartes.

Phrenology

An early brain investigative technique associated with Franz Gall.

Experimental Neurosurgery

An early brain investigative technique associated with Pierre Flourens and Wilder Penfield.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

A neuroimaging technique used to enhance understanding of brain structure and its relationship to cognition, emotion, and behaviour.

Electroencephalography (EEG)

A technique used to measure brain electrical activity and consciousness, as well as enhance understanding of brain structure and function.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A division of the human nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A division of the human nervous system consisting of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

Neuron Structure

The basic structure of a neuron comprising the axon, dendrites, cell body, myelin sheath, and axon terminal.

Geschwind's Territory

A specific brain region that interacts with Broca's area and Wernicke's area.

Neural Plasticity

The brain's ability to change in response to experience, affected by deprived versus enriched environments, sensitive and critical periods, and brain damage.

Attachment Theory Key Figures

Historical researchers in attachment theory including Konrad Lorenz (1937), Harry Harlow (Harlow & Zimmermann 1958), John Bowlby (1969), and Mary Ainsworth (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters & Wall 1978).

Cognitive Development Key Figures

Key researchers in cognitive development including Jean Piaget (1936) for cognitive theory and Lev Vygotsky (1978) for sociocultural theory.

Stroop Effect

A cognitive phenomenon (Stroop 1935) evaluated using experimental designs that measure the effect of stimulus incongruence on processing time.

Melatonin

A hormone that regulates sleep, produced through the interaction between the hypothalamus and the pineal gland.

Conscious Attention Network

The brain regulation network involving the interaction of the thalamus, the cortex, and the reticular formation to focus conscious attention on a specific target.

Electromyography (EMG)

A technique used alongside EEG and EOG to measure physical indicators of consciousness and sleep.

Electrooculography (EOG)

A technique used alongside EEG and EMG to measure eye movement during studies of consciousness and sleep.

Stanford–Binet Scale

A common method used in the psychometric approach to measure intelligence quotient (IQ).

WAIS-IV and WISC-V

Wechsler's intelligence scales used to measure IQ in adults (WAIS-IV) and children (WISC-V).

Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart

A key study by Bouchard, Lykken, McGue, Segal & Tellegen (1990) investigating the extent to which intelligence is inherited.

DSM-5-TR (2022)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition-TR, 2022), a diagnostic manual in common psychological use.

ICD-11 (2022)

The International Classification of Diseases (11th revision, 2022), a diagnostic manual used across medical and psychological professions.

Biopsychosocial Approach

An approach to understanding psychological disorder that integrates biological, psychological, and social risk factors.

Two-Factor Theory of Emotion

A theory of emotion proposed by Schachter & Singer (1962).

Appraisal Theory of Emotion

A theory of emotion proposed by Lazarus (1982).

Subjective Wellbeing

A model of wellbeing proposed by Diener (1984).

Psychological Wellbeing

A model of wellbeing proposed by Ryff & Keyes (1995).

Broaden-and-Build Theory

A theory of positive emotions proposed by Fredrickson (2004).

Flow Experience

A positive state described by Nakamura & Csikszentmihalyi (2002) that enhances positive affect, life satisfaction, performance, and learning.

Achievement Goal Theory

A theory of motivation structured around task orientation and ego orientation.

Cognitive Evaluation Theory

A theory of motivation structured around intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

Self-Efficacy Theory

A theory of motivation structured around outcome expectations and efficacy expectations.

Goal Setting Theory

A theory of motivation described by Locke (1996) highlighting the role of setting goals.