Pagbasa (Finals)

Argumento Laban sa Karakter

(Argumentum ad Hominem)

a type of argument that attacks the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself.

Paggamit ng Puwersa o Pananakot

(Argumentum ad Baculum)

a logical fallacy where an argument is supported by threats or force rather than evidence or reason

Apela sa Awa
(Argumentum ad Misericordiam)

a logical fallacy where someone attempts to win an argument by evoking pity or sympathy

Maling Paglalahat

(Hasty Generalization)

a type of logical fallacy where a conclusion is drawn based on a small or unrepresentative sample, instead of a larger, more diverse one

Non Sequitor

(Walang Kaugnayan)

a conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement.

Paraang Pabuod / Induktibo

specific observations lead to a general conclusion

Paraang Pasaklaw/ Deduktibo

general statement and moves towards supporting ideas based on that principle

Unang Panauhan (Punto de Vista)

One of the characters is recounting something he experienced, remembered, or heard using the pronoun "I"

Ikalawang Panauhan (Punto de Vista)

It is as if the writer is talking to the character in the story. He uses the pronouns you or you.

Ikatlong Panauhan (Punto de Vista)

narrator uses the pronouns he, they, him, and they in narration

Maladiyos na panauhan

(Tatlong Uri ng Ikatlong Panauhan)

Narrator is able to enter the thoughts, feelings, beliefs and actions of the characters

Limitadong panauhan

(Tatlong Uri ng Ikatlong Panauhan)

Narrator is aware of one of the characters thoughts, but not the rest

Tagapag-obserbang panauhan

(Tatlong Uri ng Ikatlong Panauhan)

Narrates to paint a picture, ex like what they hear, see, happens, says.

Kombinasyong Pananaw o Paningin (Punto de Vista)

Combined point of views

Direkta/Tuwirang Pagpapahayag

(Paraan ng Pagpapahayag ng Diyalogo)

• Character vocally says their dialogue, or feelings out loud

• Uses “ “

Di Direkta/Di Tuwirang Pahayag

(Paraan ng Pagpapahayag ng Diyalogo)

• The narrator recounts the thoughts or feelings of the characters

• Does not use “ “

Pangunahing Tauhan

Main Character - The story revolved around them and known as the protagonist.

Katunggaling Tauhan

Villain Character - The opposite or opponent of the Protagonist. They further show the main characters characteristics.

Kasamang Tauhan

Supporting Characters - Usually the MCs companion and support.

Ang May-akda

The Author - The work and the story shows the Authors consciousness behind

Tauhang Bilog (Mga Elemento ng Tekstong Naratibo)

Character is multidimensional

• Scoped personality

• Character’s opinions/traits change

• Character Development

Tauhang Lapad (Mga Elemento ng Tekstong Naratibo)

Character is one-dimensional

• Characteristics does not change

• Has identifiable and predictable traits

Banghay

Sequence of events to better organize the theme and story of the work

Simula

Suliranin

Papataas na aksyon

Kasukdulan Pababang aksyon

Wakas

Analepsis

Flashback

Prolepsis

Flashforward

Ellipsis

There is a gap of information that is omitted

PATHOS

Emosyon / Damdamin

LOGOS

Lohika / Ebidensya

ETHOS

Kredibilidad / Moralidad

Propaganda Devices

Spreading information or gossip with the aim of helping or harming a person, product, institution or cause.

Name Calling (Propaganda Devices)

Nicknaming people

• Positive or Negative

Testimonial (Propaganda Devices)

People giving testimonies of the effectivity of a product

Transfer (Propaganda Devices)

Using symbols that can indicate power, fame, respect, and identity to make an argument more acceptable.

Bandwagon (Propaganda Devices)

People joining because many have already joined

Glittering Generalities (Propaganda Devices)

Catchy slogans that resonate with peoples beliefs

Plain Folks (Propaganda Devices)

Ordinary people endorsing a product OR made by ordinary people

Card Stacking (Propaganda Devices)

Listing good qualities