Basic chem, Ions, Bonds

What is an ionic bond?

Transfers valence electrons between atoms

What is a covalent bond?

Sharing of electrons to form pairs between atoms

What major elements mostly form covalent bonds?

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen and Nitrogen

What type of bond is CO2?

Covalent bond

What type of bond is NaCl?

Ionic bond

What is a proton?

Positively charged particle in the nucleus (+)

What is a neutron?

Has a neutral charge and the same mass as a proton

What is an electron?

Negatively charged particle (-)

What is a atomic number?

Tells you how many protons are in an element

What is atomic mass?

Tells you how many protons and neutrons are in an element

How do you find the number of neutrons in a element?

Mass number - Atomic number

How many neutrons does oxygen have? (atomic number= 8, atomic mass= 16)

8 neutrons

What are isotopes?

The same chemical element has the same atomic number (proton) but different number of neutrons

How many neutrons do each of these isotopes have: (atomic number: 6 atomic weight: 12.011)

a. Carbon-12

b. Carbon-13

c. Carbon-14

a. 6

b. 7

c. 8

What is an ion?

An atom or group of atoms with a net charge. (gains or loses electrons)

What is a cation?

When an element loses electrons and has a positive charge

What is an anion?

When an element gains electrons and has a negative charge

What type of ion would sodium be if it lost one electron?

Cation

What type of ion would oxygen be if it gained two electrons?

Anion

True or False:

Only electrons in the outermost shell participate in chemical bonds?

True

What are the energy levels of an atom called?

Shells/Rings

What are the characteristics of a S shell?

Circular sphere, holds 1 orbital and 2 electrons, energy level 1

What are the characteristics of a S,P subshell?

Dumbbell appearance, can hold 8 electrons, energy level 2

What are the characteristics of a S,P,D subshell?

Four leaf clover appearance, can hold 18 electrons, energy level 3

How do you know the amount of electrons in a element?

Same number as protons

What do groups represent on the periodic table?

Groups that contain similar chemical properties and have same number of valence electrons

What do periods represent on the periodic table?

Energy levels/shells, as you move down the number increases