C3: Cartilage & Bone Tissue

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13 Terms

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Cartilage

Contains → abundant extracellular matrix and cells called → chondrocytes

  • Artifactual spaces around the chondrocyte called the → lacuna

  • Three subtypes of cartilage

    • (1) Hyaline Cartilage

    • (2) Elastic Cartilage

    • (3) Fibrocartilage

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Hyaline Cartilage

  • Typically has a pale basophilic homogenous extracellular matrix and made of collagen type II fibrils (weakest)

  • Found supporting → walls of trachea as C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

<ul><li><p>Typically has a pale basophilic homogenous extracellular matrix and made of <strong>collagen type II fibrils </strong>(weakest)</p></li><li><p>Found supporting → <strong>walls of trachea</strong> as <strong>C-shaped rings</strong> of hyaline cartilage</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Isogenous Cell Groups

  • Chondrocytes can proliferate, with daughter cells initially occupying the same → lacuna

  • New chondrocytes lay down new matrix, expanding the cartilage within in a process called → interstitial growth forming the clusters (isogenous cell groups)

<ul><li><p>Chondrocytes can proliferate, with daughter cells initially occupying the same → lacuna</p></li><li><p>New chondrocytes lay down new matrix, <strong>expanding the cartilage within</strong> in a process called →<strong> interstitial growth </strong>forming the clusters (isogenous cell groups)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Perichondrium

A layer of dense irregular CT surrounding cartilage

  • Divided into:

    • Outer fibrous layer

      • Most of the cells are fibroblasts

    • Inner chondrogenic (cellular) layer

      • Contain progenitor cells that give rise to → new chondrocytes

<p>A <strong>layer of dense irregular CT </strong>surrounding cartilage</p><ul><li><p>Divided into:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Outer fibrous layer</strong></p><ul><li><p>Most of the cells are <strong>fibroblasts</strong></p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Inner chondrogenic (cellular) layer</strong></p><ul><li><p>Contain progenitor cells that give rise to → <strong>new chondrocytes</strong></p></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Fibrocartilage

  • Occurs at many sites where → tendons and ligaments attach to bone such as he annulus fibrosis of the intervertebral disc

  • Chondrocytes in lacunae separated by ECM containing bundles of → type I collagen fibers (give fibrocartilage extra strength)

  • There is a gradual transition from dense irregular CT to fibrocartilage (at sites of ligament and tendon insertion)

  • Bundles of type I collagen are → eosinophilic and force the chondrocytes to line up in rows between → the collagen bundles

<ul><li><p>Occurs at many sites where →<strong> tendons and ligaments attach to bone</strong> such as he <strong>annulus fibrosis</strong> of the intervertebral disc</p></li><li><p>Chondrocytes in <strong>lacunae </strong>separated by ECM containing bundles of → <strong>type I collagen fibers </strong>(give fibrocartilage extra strength)</p></li><li><p>There is a <strong>gradual transition </strong>from dense irregular CT to fibrocartilage (at sites of ligament and tendon insertion)</p></li><li><p>Bundles of type I collagen are → <strong>eosinophilic</strong> and force the chondrocytes to<strong> line up in rows</strong> between → the collagen bundles</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Elastic Cartilage

  • Found in the epiglottis, external ear, walls of the auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube

  • Extracellular matrix contains → elastic fibers (eosinophilic) giving this cartilage particular resilience

<ul><li><p>Found in the <strong>epiglottis</strong>, <strong>external ear</strong>, walls of the auditory (<strong>pharyngotympanic) tube</strong></p></li><li><p>Extracellular matrix contains → <strong>elastic fibers </strong>(eosinophilic) giving this cartilage particular <strong>resilience</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Bone (also features of comapct bone)

  • Mature cells of bone called → osteocytes which occupy space in bone matrix called → lacunae

  • ECM deeply → eosinophilic

  • Lacunae do not line up in → rows

  • ECM of bone is → homogenous

  • Contain central canals, lacunae, osteons, canaliculi (connect osteocytes)

<ul><li><p>Mature cells of bone called → <strong>osteocytes</strong> which occupy space in bone matrix called →<strong> lacunae</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>ECM deeply → eosinophilic</strong></p></li><li><p>Lacunae <strong>do not</strong> line up in → rows</p></li><li><p>ECM of bone is → homogenous</p></li><li><p>Contain central canals, lacunae, osteons, canaliculi (connect osteocytes)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Osteoblasts

Bone-matrix forming cells On the surface of bone-matrix)

  • Relatively small with basophilic cytoplasm

<p>Bone-matrix forming cells On the surface of bone-matrix)</p><ul><li><p>Relatively small with basophilic cytoplasm</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Osteoclasts

Resorb bone matrix and are large, multinucleated cells

  • Found in depressions that they have created by restoring the bone matrix called → resorption lacunae

<p>Resorb bone matrix and are large, <strong>multinucleated</strong> cells</p><ul><li><p>Found in depressions that they have created by restoring the bone matrix called → <strong>resorption lacunae</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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The Two Types of Bone Tissue

  • (1) Compact Bone

  • (2) Spongy Bone

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Spongy Bone (aka cancellous/trabecular)

  • Found inside → irregular bone like the vertebrae, bones of the skull, and at the → ends of long bones (epiphyses)

  • Bone tissue is organized into thin threads called → spicules or trabeculae

    • Between trabeculae, there is → loose CT in young bone and with development, gets replaced with → red bone marrow

<ul><li><p>Found inside → irregular bone like the <strong>vertebrae, bones of the skull</strong>, and at the → ends of long bones (<strong>epiphyses</strong>)</p></li><li><p>Bone tissue is organized into thin threads called → <strong>spicules </strong>or<strong> trabeculae</strong></p><ul><li><p>Between trabeculae, there is →<strong> loose CT in young bone</strong> and with development, gets replaced with →<strong> red bone marrow</strong></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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Epiphyseal Plates

Bone growth occurs by the → addition of new bone matrix at the surface of existing matrix as osteoblasts begin to deposit new matrix

  • Growth in length occurs at the → epiphyseal plate

Five Zones: RPHCO

  • Zone of Reserve

  • Zone of Proliferation

  • Zone of Hypertrophy

  • Zone of Calcification

  • Zone of Ossificaiton

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Endochondral Ossification

Growth occurs by a combination of → interstitial growth of cartilage and the replacement of new cartilage with bone

<p>Growth occurs by a combination of → <strong>interstitial growth</strong> of cartilage and the replacement of new cartilage with bone</p>