Sodium and Potassium Action Potential

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the action potential of sodium and potassium ions in cellular membrane dynamics.

Resting Potential

The state of a neuron when it is not firing an impulse, typically around -70mV.

Sodium-Potassium Pump

A mechanism that pumps 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell, maintaining the resting potential.

Depolarization

The phase in which sodium ions rush into the cell, making the interior more positive, often peaking at +30mV.

Threshold Potential

The level of depolarization, typically around +55mV, at which voltage-gated sodium channels open.

Action Potential

A rapid rise and subsequent fall in voltage or membrane potential across a cellular membrane.

Hyperpolarization

The state where the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential due to potassium ions leaving the cell.

Voltage-gated Channels

Channels in the cell membrane that open or close in response to changes in membrane potential.

Concentration Gradient

The difference in concentration of a substance across a space, driving the movement of ions.

Repolarization

The phase in which potassium ions exit the cell, restoring a negative internal environment after depolarization.

Mechanical Gates

Gates that open in response to physical pressure or deformation.