Patho Ebook Ch 1 summary

Vocabulary flashcards covering cell organelles, metabolic pathways, and molecular biology terms from the lecture chapter summary.

Plasma membrane

A semipermeable barrier; a defect in its integrity makes organelles vulnerable to injury.

Glycoproteins

Surface markers that identify cells as part of the individual's own tissues.

Sodium-potassium pump ($Na^+/K^+$ pump)

A membrane mechanism requiring energy that maintains the cellular movement of $Na^+$ outside and $K^+$ inside the cell.

Aerobic metabolism

Metabolic process that occurs at the mitochondria and yields 34 ATP.

Anaerobic metabolism

Metabolic process that occurs outside the mitochondria within the cell and yields 2 ATP, as well as lactic acid.

Mitochondrial DNA

DNA located in the mitochondria that is solely inherited from the individual's mother.

Lysosomes

Small, spherical organelles that contain digestive enzymes and perform autolysis or heterolysis.

Proteasomes

Organelles that break down proteins.

Peroxisomes

Organelles that break down lipids.

Ribosomes

Organelles likened to cellular protein factories, where mRNA provides the direction for specific protein synthesis.

Transcription

The process in the nucleus where RNA is formed from DNA.

Purine bases

Nitrogenous bases consisting of adenine and guanine, found in both DNA and RNA.

Pyrimidine bases (DNA)

Nitrogenous bases consisting of thymine and cytosine in DNA.

Pyrimidine bases (RNA)

Nitrogenous bases consisting of uracil and cytosine in RNA.