Bio unit 1 FRQ

Describe the role of carbon in biological systems.

Carbon is the building block of all macromolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. It's structure allows it to bond with many other elements.

Explain how, when the membranes are fused, the polar parts of the phospholipids from one cell will interact with the phospholipids from the other cell and how the nonpolar parts of the phospholipids from one cell will interact with the phospholipids from the other cell.

The response indicates that the polar part of the phospholipids from one cell will align or interact with the polar parts of the phospholipids from the other cell, and nonpolar parts of the phospholipids from one cell will align or interact with nonpolar parts of the phospholipids from the other cell.

Make a claim about the most immediate effect on the fused B-cancer cells if the fused cells are transferred to a growth medium that lacks a source of nitrogen.

The response indicates that the cells will die OR that they will be unable to synthesize DNA and RNA/nucleic acids/nucleotides and amino.

Provide reasoning with evidence based on the composition of biological macromolecules to support your claim.

The response indicates that nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, or nucleotides) and amino acids (polypeptides, or proteins) contain nitrogen.

The change in the amino acid sequence illustrated in Figure 1 caused a change in the shape of Receptor X. Based on the R groups of the original and substituted amino acids, explain why Receptor X changed shape.

The response indicates that two amino acids with charged or ionic or hydrophilic R-groups were replaced by two amino acids with uncharged or nonpolar or hydrophobic R-groups.

Using the template below that represents the four levels of protein structure, place an X on each level that is expected to be altered as a result of the amino acid substitutions shown in Figure 1.

Primary and tertiary structure.

Explain how the amino acid substitution shown in Figure 1 is most likely to affect the function of Receptor X.

A function is determined by shape, the function of receptor X is likely to change OR that the structural change might alter the binding of the molecule to receptor X OR that the structural change might alter the ability of receptor X to cause a cellular response.

Identify the process used to form the covalent peptide bonds that join amino acids into a polypeptide.

Condensation reaction, also know as dehydration synthesis reaction.